{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:38:11Z","timestamp":1791308291362,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch (HPCDP) Public Health Agency of Canada","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<sec>\n         <title>Introduction<\/title>\n         <p>We investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors, and the influence of socioeconomic status, in Canadian children and adolescents.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>\n       <sec>\n         <title>Methods<\/title>\n         <p>Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007\u20132009) and cycle 2 (2009\u20132011) respondents aged 10 to 18 years who provided fasting blood samples were included (n = 1228).\nThe International Diabetes Federation (IDF) consensus definition for children and adolescents (10\u201315 years) and worldwide adult definition (\u2265 16 years) were used to diagnose MetS.\nPrevalence of MetS and its risk factors were calculated and differences by socioeconomic status were examined using \u03c72 tests.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>\n       <sec>\n         <title>Results<\/title>\n         <p>The prevalence of MetS was 2.1%. One-third 37.7%) of participants had at least one risk factor, with the most prevalent being abdominal obesity (21.6%), \nlow HDL-C (19.1%) and elevated triglyceride levels (7.9%). This combination of abdominal obesity, low HDL-C and elevated triglyceride levels accounted for 61.5% of MetS cases. \nParticipants from households with the highest income adequacy and educational attainment levels had the lowest prevalence of one or more MetS risk factors, abdominal obesity and \nlow HDL-C. <\/p>\n       <\/sec>\n\t   <sec>\n         <title>Conclusion<\/title>\n         <p>The prevalence of MetS (2.1%) was lower than previously reported in Canada (3.5%) and the USA (4.2%\u00ac\u20139.2%), potentially due to the strict application of \nthe IDF criteria for studying MetS. One-third of Canadian children and adolescents have at least one risk factor for MetS. Given that the risk for MetS increases with age, \nthese prevalence estimates, coupled with a national obesity prevalence of almost 10% among youth, point to a growing risk of MetS and other chronic diseases for Canadian youth.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.36.2.03","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T15:52:50Z","timestamp":1491925970000},"page":"32-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 \n(2007\u20132009) and Cycle 2 (2009\u20132011)"],"prefix":"10.24095","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"MacPherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"de Groh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Loukine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Prud'homme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10188","container-title":["Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/reports-publications\/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice\/vol-36-no-2-2016\/prevalence-metabolic-syndrome-its-risk-factors-canadian-children-adolescents-canadian-health-measures-survey-cycle-1-2007-2009-cycle-2-2009-2011.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T19:40:24Z","timestamp":1512589224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/reports-publications\/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice\/vol-36-no-2-2016\/prevalence-metabolic-syndrome-its-risk-factors-canadian-children-adolescents-canadian-health-measures-survey-cycle-1-2007-2009-cycle-2-2009-2011.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24095\/hpcdp.36.2.03","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-738X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-738X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}}}