{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:03:54Z","timestamp":1790643834442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch (HPCDP) Public Health Agency of Canada","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<sec>\n         <title>Introduction<\/title>\n         <p>There is growing interest in the role of food environments in suboptimal diet and overweight and obesity. This review assesses the evidence for the link between the retail food environment, diet quality and body mass index (BMI) in the Canadian population.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>\n       <sec>\n         <title>Methods<\/title>\n         <p>We conducted a systematic keyword search in two bibliometric databases. We tabulated proportions of conclusive associations for each outcome and exposure of interest. Absolute and relative measures of exposure to the food environment were compared and theoretical framing of the associations noted. We assessed two key methodological issues identified a priori\u2014measurement of BMI, and validation of the underlying retail food environment data.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>\n       <sec>\n         <title>Results<\/title>\n         <p>Seventeen studies were included in the review. There was little evidence of a food environment\u2013diet quality relationship and modest evidence of a food environment\u2013BMI relationship. Relative measures of the food environment were more often associated with an outcome in the expected direction than absolute measures, but many results were inconclusive. Most studies adopted ecological theoretical frameworks but methodologies were similar regardless of stated theoretical approaches. Self-reported BMI was common and there was no \u201cgold standard\u201d database of food outlets nor a consensus on best ways to validate the data.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>\n\t   <sec>\n         <title>Conclusion<\/title>\n         <p>There was limited evidence of a relationship between the food environment and diet quality, but stronger evidence of a relationship between the food environment and BMI for Canadians. Studies with broad geographic scope that adopt innovative methods to measure diet and health outcomes and use relative measures of the food environment derived in geographic information systems are warranted. Consensus on a gold standard food environment database and approaches to its validation would also advance the field.<\/p>\n       <\/sec>","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.39.10.01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T10:38:33Z","timestamp":1570444713000},"page":"261-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Evidence synthesis - Neighbourhood retail food outlet access, diet and body mass index in Canada: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.24095","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Brazeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaberi","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10188","container-title":["Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/reports-publications\/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice\/vol-39-no-10-2019\/neighbourhood-retail-food-outlet-access-diet-body-mass-index-canada.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T10:38:33Z","timestamp":1570444713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/reports-publications\/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice\/vol-39-no-10-2019\/neighbourhood-retail-food-outlet-access-diet-body-mass-index-canada.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24095\/hpcdp.39.10.01","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-738X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-738X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}