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A review of the literature was conducted for experimental reports and systematic reviews on the topics of plague, Y. pestis, and antibiotic resistance. From 1995 to 2021, 7 Y. pestis isolates with 4 antibiotic resistance mechanisms were reported. In Y. pestis 17\/95, 16\/95, and 2180H, resistance was mediated by transferable plasmids. Each plasmid contained resistance genes encoded within specific transposons. Strain 17\/95 presented multiple drug resistance, since plasmid 1202 contained 10 resistance determinants. Strains 16\/95 and 2180H showed single antibiotic resistance because both additional plasmids in these strains carried only 1 antimicrobial determinant. Strains 12\/87, S19960127, 56\/13, and 59\/13 exhibited streptomycin resistance due to an rpsl gene mutation, a novel mechanism that was discovered recently. Y. pestis can acquire antibiotic resistance in nature not only via conjugative transfer of antimicrobial-resistant plasmids from other bacteria, but also by gene point mutations. Global surveillance should be strengthened to identify antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains by whole-genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2021.0288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T13:25:14Z","timestamp":1645449914000},"page":"24-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24171\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Yersinia pestis antibiotic resistance: a systematic 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