{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:36:39Z","timestamp":1785281799998,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focused on continuous monitoring of the immunocontraceptive effect of Improvac \u00ae vaccine on the sexual activity of male goats determined by measuring plasma testosterone levels, testicular biometric and ejaculate examination. The animals in the experimental group (n=12) were administered two doses of 2 ml of Improvac\u00ae at a four-week interval; the animals in the control group (n=5) received 2 ml of saline. Blood collection, semen collection and testicular measurements were performed at 14-day intervals. A total of 8 samples were collected from each animal. In 9 animals a significant decrease (p&amp;lt;0.05) in testosterone concentration was observed two weeks after the first dose. At the end of the experiment (16 weeks), eight goats reached a testosterone concentration below the detection limit and one goat had a concentration of 0.47nmol\/L. The testicular size was significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) smaller four weeks after the first dose. At the end of the experiment, the testicular size was approximately three times smaller (p&amp;lt;0.001). Motility was 0% in two goats at the end of the experiment, 1% in one animal and 10% in one animal. The median sperm concentration was significantly lower (p&amp;lt;0.01) at the end of the study. A significant (p&amp;lt;0.0001) shift in the percentage of morphological changes was recorded eight weeks after the first administration. At the end of the study, there were five animals with azoospermia, two with 100% morphologically altered sperm, one with 99% and one with 96% morphologically altered sperm. In the three male goats, a significant skin reaction occurred after the first application, which resulted in an inadequate response to the treatment. Our results show that Improvac had a significant effect on the sexual function and sperm production in 9 out of 12 male goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24425\/pjvs.2024.151737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T06:57:28Z","timestamp":1726815448000},"page":"441-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of immunocontraception in the regulation of male goat sexual activity"],"prefix":"10.24425","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Hochmanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Novotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Simkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Plesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"B\u00edna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, Prague University of Economics and Business, Jaro\u0161ovsk\u00e1 1117\/II, 377 01 Jind\u0159ich\u016fv Hradec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Indrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"37468","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-ref0.1","unstructured":"Bishop CC, Fleming PA, Barnes AL,Collins T, Miller DW (2016) Immunisation against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) reduces ago-nistic behaviours in male rangeland goats. 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Reprod Domest Anim 43: 351- 359."}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"pl","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/Content\/132508\/13%20_%20Hochmanova.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T06:58:43Z","timestamp":1726815523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/151737\/edition\/132508\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":2,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/pjvs.2024.151737","relation":{},"ISSN":["1505-1773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1505-1773","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]}}}