{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T19:47:27Z","timestamp":1784317647226,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is a continuation of innovative research on the impact of the simultaneous use of standard- and small-cell combs in bee colonies on the characteristics of worker bees and bee colonies. The nests of these colonies had two types of combs: small-cell (approximate cell width\/size of 4.90 mm) and standard-cell (approximate cell width\/size of 5.50 mm). The aim of the study was to compare the activities of proteases and their inhibitors present on the cuticle of workers reared in small-cell combs (SMC workers) and standard-cell combs (STC workers) in colonies kept simultaneously in standard- and small-cell combs. The width\/size of comb cells in which the workers were reared had a significant effect on protein concentrations and activities of the proteolytic system, i.e. proteases and their inhibitors, on the cuticle surface. Regardless of the age of the workers (1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days), the protein concentrations were statistically significantly higher (p\u22640.01) in the STC than SMC workers. The opposite was found in the case of the activities of proteases and their inhibitors: regardless of the age of the bees, the activities were significantly higher in the SMC workers. The differences between workers reared in small-cell combs and those reared in standard-cell combs may be responsible for their predispositions to perform different tasks in the colony. In our opinion, workers reared in small-cell combs are more predisposed to work as foragers outside the nest. However, this hypothesis requires confirmation in further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24425\/pjvs.2025.154019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T12:04:10Z","timestamp":1742472250000},"page":"111-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Workers of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) reared in small-cell combs in apiary conditions show higher activity of the proteolytic system and lower protein concentrations on the cuticle surface than workers reared in standard-cell combs"],"prefix":"10.24425","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Dziechciarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdepartment of Apidology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Strachecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Borsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdepartment of Apidology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdepartment of Apidology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"37468","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Anson ML (1938) The estimation of pepsin, tripsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. 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Havard University Press: Cambridge, UK"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"pl","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/Content\/134465\/PDF\/12%20_%20Dziechciarz.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T14:28:37Z","timestamp":1742480917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/154019\/edition\/134465\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":1,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/pjvs.2025.154019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1505-1773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1505-1773","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]}}}