{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:49:18Z","timestamp":1772830158060,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microelement deficiencies are a current problem in horse breeding, causing infertility and fetal development disorders. The aim of the study was to control the concentration of zinc, copper and selenium in the blood serum of pregnant herd mares. The study included 154 mares in the second half of pregnancy, kept in five regions of south-eastern Poland: \u0141\u0119czy\u0144sko-W\u0142odawska Plain, Che\u0142mskie Hills, \u0141ukowska Plain, Beskid Niski and Dzia\u0142y Grabowieckie. The concentration of zinc, copper and selenium in the obtained blood serum was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The serum zinc concentration in all studied mares did not exceed 10.7 \u03bcmol\/l, while the adopted reference range is 14.9 - 29.2 \u03bcmol\/l. The lowest concentration of copper and selenium was found in mares from Beskid Niski. In all the studied regions, herd mares had zinc deficiency, and in Beskid Niski additionally copper and selenium deficiency. Despite the identified deficiencies, all the studied mares gave birth on time and registered newborn foals. Since no clinical symptoms of deficiencies of the tested trace elements were observed, it can be assumed that if occurred, they were subclinical.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24425\/pjvs.2025.156074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T08:28:44Z","timestamp":1758097724000},"page":"475-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Zinc, copper and selenium deficiencies in broodmares in south-eastern Poland"],"prefix":"10.24425","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"K\u0119dzierski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cha\u0142abis-Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Be\u0142kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Janczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Do\u015bwiadczalna 50, 20-280 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"37468","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Aragona F, Cicero N, Nava V, Piccione G, Giannetto C (2024a) Blood and hoof distribution of some trace element (Lithium, Copper, Zinc, Strontium and, Lead) in horse from two different areas of Sicily. J Trace Elem Med Biol 82: 127378. Aragona F, Giannetto C, Piccione G, Licata P, Deniz \u00d6, Fazio F (2024b) Hair and blood trace elements (Cadmium, Zinc, Chrome, Lead, Iron and Copper) biomonitoring in the athletic horse: The potential role of haematological parameters as biomarkers. Animals 14: 3206. Auer DE, Ng JC, Seawright AA (1988) Assessment of copper and zinc status of farm horses and training thoroughbreds in south-east Queensland. Aust Vet J 65: 317-320. Aytekin I, Onmaz AC, Aypak SU, Kucuk O (2011) Changes in serum mineral concentrations, biochemical and hematological parameters in horses with pica.Boil Trace Elem Res 139: 301-307. Banasik B, Trzcinka-Ochocka M, Brodzka R (2011) Selenium determination in plasma\/serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): comparison with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Med Pr 62: 489-498. Belli CB, Fernandes WR, Torres LN, Sucupira MCA, de S\u00e1 LRM, Maiorka PC, Neuenschwander HM, de Barros AMC, Baccarin RYA (2021) Copper toxicity in horses: Does it exist? J Equine Vet Sci 106: 103752. Bridges CH, Harris SD (1988) Experimentally induced cartilaginous fractures (osteochondritis dissecans) in foals fed low-copper diets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193: 215-221. Bridges CH, Moffitt PG (1990) Influence of variable content of dietary zinc on copper metabolism of weanling foals. Am J Vet Res 51: 275-280. Busse NI, Uberti B (2020) Uterine inertia due to severe selenium deficiency in a parturient mare. J Equine Vet Sci 85:102845. Cie\u015bla A, Janiszewska J (2000) Poziom miedzi w surowicy krwi i sier\u015bci koni. Med. Weter 56: 589-592. Cymbaluk NF, Christensen DA (1986) Copper, zinc and manganese concentrations in equine liver, kidney and plasma. Can J Vet Res 27: 206-210. Danek J (2002) Znaczenie cynku u ogier\u00f3w reproduktor\u00f3w. Med Weter 58: 840-844. Delesalle C, de Brujin M, Wilmink S, Vandendriessche H, Mol G, Boshuizen B, Plancke L, Grinwis G (2017) White muscle disease in foals: focus on selenium soil content. A case series. BMC Vet Rec 13: 121. Deride C, Chihuailaf R, Arn\u00e9s V, Mor\u00e1n G, Uberti B (2023) Relationship between selenium, copper, zinc and their biomarkers in blood and skeletal muscle tissue in adult horses from southern Chile. J Equine Vet Sci 128: 104881. Finno CJ, Estell KE, Katzman S, Winfield L, Rendahl A, Textor J, Bannasch DL, Puschner B (2015) blood and cerebrospinal fluid \u03b1-tocopherol and selenium concentrations in neonatal foals with neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Vet Intern Med 29: 1667-1675. Gomez DE, Valberg SJ, Magdesian KG, Hanna PE, Lofstedt J (2015) Acquired multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and marked selenium deficiency causing severe rhabdomyolysis in a horse. Can Vet J 46: 1166-1171. G\u00f3rski K, Jania B, Andraszek K (2017) Changes in the level of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses in relation to the feeding season. Folia Pomer UnivTechnol Stetin Agric Aliment Pisc Zootech 334: 35-42. Kavazis AN, Kivipelto J, Ott EA (2002) Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iton, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium. J Equine Vet Sci 22: 460-464. K\u0119dzierski W, Wa\u0142kuska G (2007) Effectiveness of copper supplementation in mares during reproduction season according to the feed zinc : copper ratio. Ann UMCS sec DD Med Vet LXII: 62-69. K\u00f3sa CA, Nagy K, Szenci O, Baska-Vincze B, Andr\u00e1sofszky E, Sz\u00e9p R, Keresztesi \u00c1, Mircean M, Taulescu M, Kutasi O (2021) The role of selenium and vitamin E in a Transylvanian enzootic recurrent rhabdomyolysis syndrome. Acta Vet Hung 69: 256-265. Krumrych W (2003) Wska\u017aniki laboratoryjne krwi koni \u2013 warto\u015bci referencyjne i interpretacja. Pa\u0144stwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny, Pu\u0142awy. Krumrych W, Wi\u015bniewski E, Danek J (1996) Wp\u0142yw niekt\u00f3rych czynnik\u00f3w endo- i egzogennych na zawarto\u015b\u0107 \u017celaza, cynku i miedzi w surowicy u koni. Post Nauk Rol 434:747-751. Massanyi P, Stawarz R, Halo M, Formicki G, Lukac N, Cupka P, Schwarcz P, Kovacik A, Tusimova E, Kovacik J (2014) J Environ Health Part A 49: 973-979. Ma\u015bko M, Cha\u0142abis-Mazurek A, Sikorska U, Ciesielska A, Zdrojkowski \u0141, Domino M (2024) Monthly and pregnancy \u2013 related concentration of Cu and Zn in serum of mares in an equine breeding herd. Agriculture 14: 35. Mirowski A (2014) Selen w \u017cywieniu koni. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 I. Problematyka niedoboru selenu. \u017bycie Wet 89: 581-582. Mirowski A (2014) Selen w \u017cywieniu koni. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 II. Suplementacja i toksyczno\u015b\u0107 selenu. \u017bycie Wet 89: 558-671. Mirowski A (2023) Mied\u017a w \u017cywieniu koni. \u017bycie Wet 98: 498-500. Mirowski A, Didkowska A (2015) Cynk w \u017cywieniu koni. \u017bycie Wet 90: 101-102. Pa\u00dflack N, Mainzer B, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M, Schafft H, Palavinskas R, Breithaupt A, Neumann K, Zentek J (2014) Concentrations ofstrontium, barium, cadmium, copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, antimony, selenium and lead in the equineliver and kidneys. SpringerPlus 3: 343. Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Stankiewicz T, B\u0142aszczyk B, G\u0105czarzewicz D, Smuga\u0142a M, Uda\u0142a J, Tylkowska A, Kuba J, Cie\u015bla A (2014) Serum seleniumconcentration and glutathioneperoxidase activity and selenium content in testes of Polish Konik horses from selenium-deficient area in north-western Poland. Pol J Vet Sci 17: 165-167. Sarata U (1936) The normal blood copper content in the horse and blood copper in septic conditions. Jpn J Med Sci 2 Biochem 4: 203-206. Stahl LT, M\u00fcller A, Krohn J, B\u00fcttner K, Wehrend A (2024) Serum concentrations of selenium, copper, and zinc in neonatal foals: Influence of failure of passive transfer and age-related changes. Can Vet J 65: 481-487. Szkucik K, Gondek M, Be\u0142kot Z, Kursa K (2014) Zawarto\u015b\u0107 selenu w mi\u0119\u015bniach i narz\u0105dach wewn\u0119trznych koni rze\u017anych w zale\u017cno\u015bci od ich wieku i p\u0142ci. \u017bNTJ 5: 63-71. Winnicka A (2021) Warto\u015bci referencyjne podstawowych bada\u0144 laboratoryjnych w weterynarii. Wydawnictwo SGGW. Youssef MA, El-khodery SA, Ibrahim HMM (2012) Antioxidant trace elements in serum of draft horses with acute and chronic lower airway disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 150: 1230129. &nbsp;"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"pl","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/Content\/136425\/PDF\/14%20_%20Kedzierski%20_%20Short.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T08:33:43Z","timestamp":1758098023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/156074\/edition\/136425\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"references-count":1,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24425\/pjvs.2025.156074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1505-1773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1505-1773","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]}}}