{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:29:41Z","timestamp":1761647381235},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the effects of petroleum\nexposure on hematologic and clinical biochemical\nresults of mink and to identify variables that may be\nuseful for making management decisions involving\nsea otters (<jats:italic>Enhydra lutris<\/jats:italic>) that have been exposed to\noil in their environment.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014122 American mink (<jats:italic>Mustela vison<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mink were exposed once to a slick of\noil (Alaskan North Slope crude oil or bunker C fuel oil)\non seawater or via low-level contamination of their\ndaily rations.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In the acute phase of exposure, petroleum\ndirectly affected RBC, WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte\ncounts, fibrinogen, sodium, calcium, creatinine,\ntotal protein, and cholesterol concentrations, and\nalanine transaminase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase,\nand \u03b3\u2212glutamyltransferase activities.\nAspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3\u2212\nglutamyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase\nactivities and cholesterol concentration also varied\nas a result of chronic low-level contamination of\nfeed.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Our results\nare in agreement with reports that attribute\nincreased alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase\nactivities and decreased total protein concentration\nto petroleum exposure in sea otters during\nan oil spill. Sodium, calcium, creatinine, cholesterol,\nand lactate dehydrogenase may be valuable\nvariables to assess for guidance during initial treatment\nof sea otters exposed to oil spills as well as\nfor predicting which petroleum-exposed sea otters\nwill reproduce following an oil spill. Measurement\nof these variables should aid wildlife professionals\nin making decisions regarding treatment of sea\notters after oil spills. 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