{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:16:03Z","timestamp":1789834563618,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of\ndobutamine hydrochloride (0.5 \u00b5g\/kg of body\nweight\/min) in halothane-anesthetized horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 adult Thoroughbred horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Anesthesia was induced by use of romifidine\n(100 \u00b5g\/kg) and ketamine (2.2 mg\/kg), IV.\nAnesthesia was maintained by halothane (end-tidal\nconcentration 0.9 to 1.0%). Aortic, left ventricular, and\nright atrial pressures were measured, using cathetermounted\nstrain gauge transducers. Cardiac output\n(CO), velocity time integral, maximal aortic blood flow\nvelocity and acceleration, and left ventricular preejection\nperiod and ejection time were measured from aortic\nvelocity waveforms obtained by transesophageal\nDoppler echocardiography. Velocity waveforms were\nrecorded from the femoral vessels, using Doppler ultrasonography.\nThe time-averaged mean velocity and early\ndiastolic deceleration slope (EDDS) were measured.\nPulsatility index (PI) and volumetric flow were calculated.\nMicrovascular perfusion was measured in the\nsemimembranosus muscles by laser Doppler flowmetry.\nData were recorded 60 minutes after induction of\nanesthesia (control) and at 15 and 30 minutes after\nstart of an infusion of dobutamine (0.5 \u00b5g\/kg\/min).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Aortic pressures were significantly\nincreased during the infusion of dobutamine. No\nchange was observed in the indices of left ventricular\nsystolic function including CO. Femoral arterial flow\nsignificantly increased, and the PI and EDDS\ndecreased. No change was observed in the femoral\nvenous flow or in microvascular perfusion.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014At this\ndosage, dobutamine did not alter left ventricular systolic\nfunction. Femoral blood flow was preferentially\nincreased as the result of local vasodilatation. The lack\nof effect of dobutamine on microvascular perfusion\nsuggests that increased femoral flow is not necessarily\nassociated with improved perfusion of skeletal\nmuscles. 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