{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:12Z","timestamp":1775768952667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate a method using\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus\nmirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    to experimentally\ninduce dual infection of the urinary bladder in\ndogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20146 healthy mixed-breed dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Dogs were anesthetized, and cystitis\nwas induced by infusing a solution of salicylic acid in\nethanol into the bladder, followed by an inoculum containing\nfield isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>P mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\nDogs were examined daily for 21 days after induction\nof cystitis. On day 21, dogs were euthanatized, and\nurinary bladder, renal pelvis, and prostate specimens\nwere submitted for bacterial culture.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014After induction of cystitis, all dogs had evidence\nof thickening of the bladder wall, dysuria,\ntenesmus, and hematuria. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria,\nhematuria, and pyuria. All urine samples obtained\non day 21 yielded growth of\n                    <jats:italic>P mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but\n                    <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    was not cultured from any of these samples.\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated from bladder, renal\npelvis, or prostate specimens from 4 dogs;\n                    <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    was not isolated from any of the tissue specimens.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results suggest that the method used\nin the present study fails to induce dual infection of\nthe urinary bladder with\n                    <jats:italic>P mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P aeruginosa.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The inability to establish a persistent dual infection\nwith this method may have been a result of insufficient\npathogenicity of the\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate or an\ninadequacy of the experimental design. (\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2000;61:1484\u20131486)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T12:18:33Z","timestamp":1133871513000},"page":"1484-1486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of a method using Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to experimentally induce dual infection of the urinary bladder in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mary H.","family":"Bowles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald D.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant H.","family":"Turnwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_63","first-page":"27","volume":"35","author":"Wooley RE","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_2_64","first-page":"1533","volume":"36","author":"Wooley RE","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_3_65","first-page":"486","volume":"36","author":"Senior DF","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"p_4_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00933.x","volume":"5","author":"Bagley RS","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"p_5_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb03153.x","volume":"6","author":"Barsanti JA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"p_6_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31768-5","volume":"39","author":"Senior DF","year":"1985","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"p_7_69","first-page":"89","volume":"21","author":"Barsanti JA","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_8_70","first-page":"2621","volume":"47","author":"Turnwald GH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_9_71","first-page":"227","volume":"22","author":"Senior DF","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_10_72","first-page":"596","author":"Senior DF","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Anim Hosp Assoc Annu Meet"},{"key":"p_11_73","first-page":"44","author":"Grauer GF","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Anim Hosp Assoc Annu Meet"},{"key":"p_12_74","first-page":"626","author":"Barsanti JA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_13_75","first-page":"707","volume":"40","author":"Finco DR","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_14_76","first-page":"217","author":"Kruth SA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_15_77","first-page":"883","author":"Senior DF","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/61\/12\/ajvr.2000.61.1484.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/61\/12\/ajvr.2000.61.1484.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/61\/12\/ajvr.2000.61.1484.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:08:27Z","timestamp":1775765307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/61\/12\/ajvr.2000.61.1484.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1484","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}}}