{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:30:28Z","timestamp":1759332628756,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate in situ expression of inflammatory\ncytokine mRNA in lymphoid tissue of swine\nexperimentally infected with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\nserovar 2.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20147 noninfected pigs and 7 pigs infected\nwith <jats:italic>M avium<\/jats:italic> serovar 2.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Expression of mRNA of inflammatory\ncytokines such as tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1),\ninterleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-8 in formalin-fixed paraffin-\nembedded blocks of lymphoid tissue (lymph\nnodes and tonsil) of swine experimentally infected\nwith <jats:italic>M avium<\/jats:italic> serovar 2 was compared with that of\nnoninfected pigs. Tissues were evaluated by use of\nmorphologic localization of cytokine mRNA, using in\nsitu hybridization at 160 days after inoculation.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014A noticeable increase in mRNA expression\nfor TNF\u03b1 and mild increases in mRNA expression of\nIL-8 and IL-1\u03b2 were detected in mandibular lymph\nnodes from infected swine, compared with noninfected\nswine. Mild increase in mRNA expression for\nIL-6 also was observed in tonsils from infected swine.\nCytokine mRNA was detected in macrophages and\nlymphocytes, primarily within cortical follicles and\nadjacent mantle zones.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Expression of\nmRNA for inflammatory cytokines was increased in\nlymphoid tissue of infected swine, possibly resulting\nfrom local factors on, or secreted by, <jats:italic>M avium<\/jats:italic>. These\nresults suggest that alterations in cytokine mRNA\nexpression are important in the pathogenesis and\nclinical course of mycobacteriosis in swine.\nModulation of the immune response by vaccines that\nselectively target cytokine expression and secretion\nin response to mycobacterial challenge may be effective\nin prevention of mycobacteriosis in swine. 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