{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:23:32Z","timestamp":1741411412088,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize and determine the sensory\ninnervation of respiratory reflexes elicited by nasal\nadministration of halothane to dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201410 healthy Beagles.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs underwent permanent tracheostomy\nand, 2 to 3 weeks later, were anesthetized with\nthiopental and \u03b1-chloralose administered IV. The nasal\npassages were functionally isolated so that halothane\ncould be administered to the nasal passages while\ndogs were breathing 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> via the tracheostomy.\nRespiratory reflexes in response to administration of\nhalothane at concentrations of 1.25, 1.75, and 2.5\ntimes the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), and\n5% (administered in 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at a flow rate of 5 L\/min)\nwere recorded. Reflexes in response to administration\nof 5% halothane were also recorded following transection\nof the infraorbital nerve, transection of the caudal\nnasal nerve, and nasal administration of lidocaine.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Nasal administration of halothane induced\nan inhibition of breathing characterized by a dosedependent\nincrease in expiratory time and a resultant\ndecrease in expired volume per unit time. Effects\nwere noticeable immediately after the onset of\nhalothane administration and lasted until its cessation.\nReflex responses to halothane administration\nwere attenuated by transection of the caudal nasal\nnerve and by nasal administration of lidocaine, but\ntransection of the infraorbital nerve had no effect.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Nasal administration\nof halothane at concentrations generally\nused for mask induction of anesthesia induces reflex\ninhibition of breathing. Afferent fibers in the caudal\nnasal nerve appear to play an important role in the\nreflex inhibition of breathing induced by halothane\nadministration. 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