{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T14:58:20Z","timestamp":1770217100470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To establish reference values for activated\ncoagulation time (ACT) in cats by use of jugular\nvenipuncture and direct collection of blood into ACT\nvacuum tubes.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014100 clinically normal cats that were to have\nelective surgery performed at a private practice.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Collection of 3 blood samples for ACT\nmeasurement was attempted for each cat at the time\nof elective surgery: sample 1, obtained before sedation;\nsample 2, tube 1 of 2 consecutive samples\nobtained from a single venipuncture of the contralateral\njugular vein after sedation with acepromazine\nand ketamine hydrochloride; and sample 3, tube 2\ncollected immediately following collection of sample\n2 without removing the needle from the vein.\nVenipuncture quality was rated subjectively on a 3-\npoint scale.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Median ACT were 95 seconds for each\nsample group. The middle 95% of values ranged\ninclusively from 55 to 185 seconds (sample 1), 65 to\n135 seconds (sample 2), 45 to 145 seconds (sample\n3), and 55 to 165 seconds overall (samples 1, 2, and\n3). Significant differences in ACT values were not\ndetected between sample groups. Significant relationships\nbetween ACT and venipuncture quality or\nsex of cat were not detected.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014With the ACT\nprotocols used, clinically normal cats had ACT of\n&lt; 165 seconds. The ACT in cats does not appear to be\nsignificantly affected by sex, sedation with acepromazine\nand ketamine, or by moderately traumatic\nvenipunctures. These results refute widespread statements\nthat ACT should be &lt; 65 seconds in healthy\ncats. Cats with ACT repeatedly &gt; 165 seconds should\nbe further evaluated for hemostatic disorders. 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