{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:44:04Z","timestamp":1759160644056,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether bovine immunodeficiency\nvirus (BIV) infection could be detected in\nspermatozoa, blood leukocytes, or semen leukocytes\nfrom stud bulls in artificial insemination centers.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201430 bulls at 3 artificial insemination centers.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Polymerase chain reaction testing that\nused 3 sets of primer pairs targeting pol and env\nregions of the BIV proviral genome was performed on\nDNA extracted from semen leukocytes, spermatozoa,\nand blood leukocytes from each bull. Southern blot\nanalysis was performed to increase sensitivity of\ndetection. Western blot analysis of plasma samples\nwas used to detect antibodies against BIV.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014BIV provirus was not detected in DNA samples\nobtained from semen leukocytes, spermatozoa,\nor blood leukocytes, and antibodies against BIV were\nnot detected.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Contrary to\nour report of high point prevalence of BIV contamination\nof semen from a single artificial insemination\ncenter, bulls of the study reported here did not appear\nto be infected. Maximum risk of BIV infection in similar\nbulls was estimated at 10% with a confidence\nlevel of 95%. (<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2000;61:816\u2013819)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:06:21Z","timestamp":1133888781000},"page":"816-819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Failure to detect bovine immunodeficiency virus contamination of stud bull spermatozoa, blood leukocytes, or semen leukocytes in samples supplied by artificial insemination centers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Burger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kindra","family":"Kelly-Quagliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen S.","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.06.760","volume":"56","author":"Nash JW","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_2_462","unstructured":"National Association of Animal Breeders. 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