{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T05:52:24Z","timestamp":1760853144786,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize protein composition of\nshell scute of desert tortoises and to determine\nwhether detectable differences could be used to\nidentify healthy tortoises from tortoises with certain\nillnesses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201420 desert tortoises.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Complete postmortem examinations\nwere performed on all tortoises. Plastron scute proteins\nwere solubilized, scute proteins were separated\nby use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel\nelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and proteins were analyzed,\nusing densitometry. Two-dimensional immobilized\npH gradient-PAGE (2D IPG-PAGE) and\nimmunoblot analysis, using polyclonal antisera to\nchicken-feather \u03b2 keratin and to alligator-scale \u03b2 keratin,\nwere conducted on representative samples. The\n14-kd proteins were analyzed for amino acid composition.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The SDS-PAGE and densitometry revealed\n7 distinct bands, each with a mean relative protein\nconcentration of &gt; 1%, ranging from 8 to 47 kd, and\na major protein component of approximately 14 kd\nthat constituted up to 75% of the scute protein. The\n2D IPG-PAGE revealed additional distinct 62- and 68-\nkd protein bands. On immunoblot analysis, the 14-,\n32-, and 45-kd proteins reacted with both antisera.\nThe 14-kd proteins had an amino acid composition\nsimilar to that of chicken \u03b2 keratins. There was a substantial\ndifference in the percentage of the major 14-\nkd proteins from scute of ill tortoises with normal\nappearing shells, compared with 14-kd proteins of\nhealthy tortoises.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The major\nprotein components of shell scute of desert tortoises\nhave amino acid composition and antigenic features\nof \u03b2 keratins. Scute protein composition may be\naltered in tortoises with certain systemic illnesses.\n( <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:104\u2013110)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:19:10Z","timestamp":1133889550000},"page":"104-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Soluble scute proteins of healthy and ill desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Homer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin H.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy D.","family":"Denslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliott R.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger H.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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