{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:29:42Z","timestamp":1761647382098,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine effect of maternal antibodies\non immune response to oral vaccination against\nrabies in young foxes.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014250 cubs from 48 vixens.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Sera were obtained from cubs of 36 vaccinated\n(maternally vaccinated [MV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]) and 12 nonvaccinated\n(MV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>) vixens between 23 and 71 days of age\nand tested for neutralizing antibodies. Seventy-one\nMV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cubs and 33 MV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>- cubs were vaccinated orally\nwith modified-live virus vaccine SAD B19. Geometric\nmean titer (GMT) was determined in these cubs\napproximately 21, 39, and 57 days after vaccination.\nIn a subsequent experiment, 10 vaccinated MV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cubs,\n6 vaccinated MV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> cubs, and 6 control cubs were challenge\ninoculated with virulent rabies virus approximately\n100 days after vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum GMT of nonvaccinated MV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> cubs\n(0.23 U\/ml) was significantly greater than that of nonvaccinated\nMV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> cubs (0.15 U\/ml). The GMT of vaccinated\nMV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cubs 21, 39, and 57 days after vaccination\nwere 2.85, 2.11, and 0.79 U\/ml, respectively, and\nwere significantly less than those of vaccinated MV<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\ncubs (12.19, 6.76, and 4.02 U\/ml, respectively). All\nchallenge-inoculated cubs with GMT &lt; 0.5 U\/ml succumbed\nto rabies.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Partially\nimpaired immune response in cubs &lt; 8 weeks old\nfrom vaccinated vixens causes insufficient protection\nagainst rabies. Inhibition of the immune response persists\nlonger than the period during which maternal\nantibodies are detectable. Thus, oral vaccination campaigns\nfor young foxes in areas where vaccination\nhas been performed need to be reconsidered. (<jats:italic>Am J\nVet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1154\u20131158)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:27:58Z","timestamp":1133890078000},"page":"1154-1158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effect of maternal immunity on the immune response to oral vaccination against rabies in young foxes"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ad C.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Selhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf D.","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas M.","family":"Neubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_739","first-page":"2","author":"Stohr K","year":"1996","journal-title":"Paris: Elsevier"},{"key":"p_2_740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.139.2.32","volume":"139","author":"Stohr K","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_3_741","unstructured":"Breitenmoser U, Kaphegyi T, Kappeler A, etalSignificance of young foxes for the persistence of rabies in northwestern Switzerland, in Proceedings. 3rd Congr Eur Soc Vet Virol 1995; 391-396."},{"issue":"4","key":"p_4_742","first-page":"13","volume":"19","author":"Breitenmoser U","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rabies Bull Eur"},{"key":"p_5_743","first-page":"537","volume":"29","author":"Vuillame P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"p_6_744","first-page":"540","volume":"52","author":"von Schloss A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tierarztl Umsch"},{"key":"p_7_745","first-page":"35","volume":"9","author":"Muller T","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Etlik Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"p_8_746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.108.14.295","volume":"108","author":"Winters WD","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_9_747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(92)90125-S"},{"key":"p_10_748","unstructured":"EU-directive 92\/18\/EEC on analytical, toxicologic-pharmaceutical and veterinary or clinical regulations and proofs for experiments with animal medicaments, European Community, Brussels, Belgium, March 20, 1992."},{"key":"p_11_749","first-page":"207","author":"Office Internationale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health"},{"key":"p_12_750","first-page":"535","volume":"48","author":"Smith JS","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"p_13_751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.3.2.96-101.1976","volume":"3","author":"Cox JH","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"p_14_752","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO\/IABSDevelopments in biological standards. Symposium on the standardization of rabies vaccines for human use produced in tissue culture (rabies III) 1978;40:268-270."},{"key":"p_15_753","first-page":"88","author":"Dean DJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"p_16_754","unstructured":"Sokal FJ, Rohlf FJ. Biometry. 3rd ed. New York: WH Freeman & Co, 1995;887."},{"key":"p_17_755","unstructured":"Zofel E. Statistik in der Praxis, 2. Stuttgart, Germany: Auflage Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1988;426."},{"key":"p_18_756","first-page":"37","volume":"180","author":"Pollock RVH","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_19_757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00110-8"},{"key":"p_20_758","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00343220"},{"key":"p_21_759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.8384"},{"key":"p_22_760","first-page":"89","volume":"20","author":"Bianchi A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"p_23_761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002666"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/7\/ajvr.2001.62.1154.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/7\/ajvr.2001.62.1154.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/7\/ajvr.2001.62.1154.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:54:56Z","timestamp":1741352096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/7\/ajvr.2001.62.1154.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]}}}