{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:15:22Z","timestamp":1790874922167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate quantification of the amount\nof carbamylated hemoglobin (CarbHb), using capillary\nelectrophoresis (CE) and a new dynamic capillary\ncoating system to separate hemoglobin derivatives,\nand to assess the use of CarbHb amounts to evaluate\nlong-term urea exposure and differential diagnoses of\nazotemia in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20148 dogs with renal failure, 2 dogs with diabetes\nmellitus, and 7 control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Optimal analytic conditions for separation\nof CarbHb and other hemoglobin derivatives in\nblood samples obtained from dogs were determined,\nusing a commercial analysis system developed for\nthe detection of glycohemoglobin Hb A1c (GlycHb) in\nhuman blood samples. Relative content of hemoglobin\nderivatives in blood from 10 dogs with renal failure\nor endocrine diseases were compared with values for\n7 dogs without renal or endocrine diseases.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Satisfactory resolution of hemoglobin derivatives\nwas obtained, which permitted identification\nand quantitation of the amount of CarbHb as a percentage\nof the total amount of hemoglobin. Normal or\nincreased amounts of GlycHb did not interfere with\nCarbHb analysis. Dogs with chronic renal failure had\nconsiderably higher peak amounts of CarbHb than\ndogs with acute renal failure, a dog with chronic renal\nfailure that was treated by use of hemodialysis, or\ndogs without renal disease.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Amounts of\nCarbHb in blood samples obtained from dogs can be\nreadily quantified by use of capillary electrophoresis.\nAssessment of the amount of CarbHb can be used to\nfacilitate evaluation of the cause of azotemia in dogs.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1302\u20131306)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:24:23Z","timestamp":1133889863000},"page":"1302-1306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Use of capillary electrophoresis to quantitate carbamylated hemoglobin concentrations in dogs with renal failure"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Reidun","family":"Heiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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