{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:40:46Z","timestamp":1761154846086,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To develop a novel oral vaccine delivery\nsystem for swine, using the rough vaccine strain of\n<jats:italic>Brucella abortus.<\/jats:italic>\n\t\t\t\t<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201456 crossbred pigs from a brucellosis-free\nfacility.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014In 3 separate experiments, pigs were\norally vaccinated with doses of 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> to &gt; 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\nCFU of strain RB51 vaccine. The vaccine was placed\ndirectly on the normal corn ration, placed inside a\nwhole pecan, or mixed with cracked pecans and corn.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Oral vaccination of pigs with vaccine strain\nRB51 resulted in a humoral immune response to\nstrain RB51 and short-term colonization of the regional\nlymph nodes.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014A viscous liquid\nsuch as Karo corn syrup in association with\npecans that scarify the oral mucosa are necessary\nwhen placing the live vaccine directly onto corn or\nother food rations. Doses of &gt; 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup> CFU of RB51\norganisms\/pig in this mixture ensures 100% colonization\nof regional lymph nodes via the oral route. This\nmethod may allow an efficient and economical means\nto vaccinate feral swine for brucellosis. (<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n2001;62:1328\u20131331)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:24:23Z","timestamp":1133889863000},"page":"1328-1311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Oral vaccination of sexually mature pigs with Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Samartino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip G.","family":"Hoyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue D.","family":"Hagius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel V.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred M.","family":"Enright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhardt G.","family":"Schurig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Elzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_760","unstructured":"Alton GG. 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