{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:24:23Z","timestamp":1741411463041,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To estimate the probability of concurrently\nexceeding thresholds for plasma concentration of\nfurosemide and urine specific gravity after IV administration\nof furosemide in horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201412 mature healthy Thoroughbred (n = 6) or\nQuarter Horse (6) mares.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Venous blood was collected from each\nhorse prior to and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, and\n6 hours after IV administration of 250 mg (first experiment)\nor 500 mg (second experiment) of furosemide.\nUrine was collected hourly between 1 and 6 hours after\nadministration of furosemide at both doses.\nConcentrations of furosemide were determined by use\nof an ELISA. Concentration of furosemide and urine\nspecific gravity was modeled as a function of time,\naccounting for inter- and intrahorse variabilities. On the\nbasis of pharmacokinetic and specific gravity data, the\nprobability of exceeding a concentration of 100 ng of\nfurosemide\/ml as a function of time was determined,\nusing a semiparametric smooth functional averaging\nmethod. A bootstrap approach was used to assess the\ninherent variation in this estimated probability.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The estimated probability of exceeding the\nthreshold of 100 ng of furosemide\/ml and urine specific\ngravity &lt; 1.012 was approximately 0% between\n4.0 and 5.5 hours after IV administration of 250 mg of\nfurosemide\/horse, and ranged from 0 to 1% between\n4 and 5.5 hours after IV administration of 500 mg of\nfurosemide\/horse. The probability of a horse being\nfalsely identified as in violation of regulatory concentrations\nwas inversely associated with time.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Coupling plasma\nfurosemide concentration with urine specific gravity\ntesting will greatly reduce the chance that some horses\nare misclassified as being in violation of regulatory concentrations.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1349\u20131353)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:20:00Z","timestamp":1133889600000},"page":"1349-1353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimation of the probability for exceeding thresholds of urine specific gravity and plasma concentration of furosemide at various intervals after intravenous administration of furosemide in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Karin K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naisyin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"p_1_35","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.320"},{"key":"p_2_36","first-page":"99","author":"Davidian M","year":"1995","journal-title":"London: Chapman & Hall"},{"key":"p_3_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"Dempster AP","year":"1977","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"p_4_38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2001.00294.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davison AC, Hinkley DV. Bootstrap methods and their application. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997:11-44,193-211.","key":"p_5_39","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802843"},{"unstructured":"Recommendations for permitted medication: phenylbutazone and furosemide. ARCI-QAP Newsletter 1995;1.","key":"p_6_40"},{"key":"p_7_41","first-page":"361","volume":"3","author":"Schott HC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"p_8_42","first-page":"426","volume":"18","author":"Schott Ragle CA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/9\/ajvr.2001.62.1349.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/9\/ajvr.2001.62.1349.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/9\/ajvr.2001.62.1349.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:55:42Z","timestamp":1741352142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/9\/ajvr.2001.62.1349.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]}}}