{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:38:55Z","timestamp":1792154335642,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine concentrations of matrix\nmetalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in synovial fluid;\nand mRNA expression of MMP-1, -13, and -3; interleukin[\nIL]-1\u03b1 and \u03b2; and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-\u03b1\nin synovial membrane and articular cartilage from\nhorses with naturally occurring joint disease.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Synovial fluid (n = 76), synovial\nmembrane (59), and articular cartilage (45) from 5 clinically\nnormal horses and 55 horses with joint disease\ncategorized as traumatic (acute [AT] or chronic [CT]),\nosteochondritis dissecans (OCD), or septic (S).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Synovial fluid gelatinase concentrations\nwere analyzed, using zymography. Synovial membrane\nand articular cartilage mRNA expression for\nMMP-1, -3, and -13, IL-1\u03b1 and \u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, type-II collagen,\nand aggrecan were analyzed, using quantitative\nreverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Synovial fluid pro-MMP-2 concentration\nwas significantly higher in diseased joints than normal\njoints. Septic joints had significantly higher concentrations\nof pro and active MMP-9. Stromelysin-1 was\nexpressed in \u2265 80% of synovial membrane and articular\ncartilage samples and was strongly influenced by\nage. Collagenases were rarely expressed, with MMP-\n13 expressed only in diseased joints. Interleukin-1\u03b2\nexpression was significantly higher in all OCD samples\nand was influenced by age. Tumor necrosis factor-\n\u03b1 expression was significantly higher in cartilage\nfrom joints with AT and OCD. There was no correlation\nbetween MMP or cytokines and type-II collagen\nor aggrecan expression.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Matrix metalloproteinase-\n2 and -3 are abundant in naturally occurring\njoint disease and normal joints. Interleukin-1\u03b2 and\nTNF-\u03b1 may be important in the pathogenesis of OCD.\nAge affects MMP and IL-1\u03b2 concentrations. (<jats:italic>Am J Vet\nRes<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1467\u20131477)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:20:00Z","timestamp":1133889600000},"page":"1467-1477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Synovial fluid gelatinase concentrations and matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine expression in naturally occurring joint disease in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Troy N.","family":"Trumble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle W.","family":"Trotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie R. Thom","family":"Oxford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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