{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:29:17Z","timestamp":1791275357431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the pharmacokinetics of\nfluconazole in horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 clinically normal adult horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fluconazole (10 mg\/kg of body weight)\nwas administered intravenously or orally with 2\nweeks between treatments. Plasma fluconazole concentrations\nwere determined prior to and 10, 20, 30,\n40, and 60 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48,\n60, and 72 hours after administration. A long-term oral\ndosing regimen was designed in which all horses\nreceived a loading dose of fluconazole (14 mg\/kg) followed\nby 5 mg\/kg every 24 hours for 10 days.\nFluconazole concentrations were determined in aqueous\nhumor, plasma, CSF, synovial fluid, and urine after\nadministration of the final dose.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean (\u00b1 SD) apparent volume of distribution\nof fluconazole at steady state was 1.21 \u00b1 0.01\nL\/kg. Systemic availability and time to maximum plasma\nconcentration following oral administration were\n101.24 \u00b1 27.50% and 1.97 \u00b1 1.68 hours, respectively.\nMaximum plasma concentrations and terminal halflives\nafter IV and oral administration were similar.\nPlasma, CSF, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, and urine\nconcentrations of fluconazole after long-term oral\nadministration of fluconazole were 30.50 \u00b1 23.88,\n14.99 \u00b1 1.86, 14.19 \u00b1 5.07, 11.39 \u00b1 2.83, and 56.99 \u00b1\n32.87 \u00b5g\/ml, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Bioavailability\nof fluconazole was high after oral administration to\nhorses. Long-term oral administration maintained plasma\nand body fluid concentrations of fluconazole above\nthe mean inhibitory concentration (8.0 mg\/ml) reported\nfor fungal pathogens in horses. Fluconazole may be\nan appropriate agent for treatment of fungal infections\nin horses. 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