{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:23:27Z","timestamp":1782325407670,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the effect of desensitization\nof the laryngeal mucosal mechanoreceptors on\nupper airway mechanics in exercising horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 Standardbreds.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014In study 1, videoendoscopic examinations\nwere performed while horses ran on a treadmill\nwith and without topical anesthesia of the laryngeal\nmucosa. In study 2, peak tracheal and nasopharyngeal\npressures and airflows were obtained from horses\nduring incremental treadmill exercise tests, with\nand without topical anesthesia of the laryngeal\nmucosa. A nasal occlusion test was performed on\neach horse while standing during an endoscopic\nexamination for both trials.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In study 1, horses had nasopharyngeal collapse\nwhile running on the treadmill when the laryngeal\nmucosa was anesthetized. In study 2, inspiratory\nupper airway and nasopharyngeal impedance were\nsignificantly higher, and peak tracheal inspiratory pressure,\nrespiratory frequency, and minute ventilation\nwere significantly lower in horses when the laryngeal\nmucosa was anesthetized, compared with values\nobtained when horses exercised without topical\nanesthesia. Peak inspiratory and expiratory airflows\nwere lower in horses when the laryngeal mucosa was\nanesthetized, although differences did not quite reach\nsignificance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.06 and 0.09, respectively). During\na nasal occlusion test, horses had episodes of\nnasopharyngeal collapse and dorsal displacement of\nthe soft palate when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized.\nUpper airway function was normal in these\nhorses without laryngeal mucosal anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Receptors\nwithin the laryngeal mucosa may be important in\nmaintaining upper airway patency in exercising horses.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1706\u20131710)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:28:43Z","timestamp":1133890123000},"page":"1706-1710","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa on upper airway mechanics in exercising horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Holcombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik J.","family":"Derksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Berney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianne C.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie T.","family":"Horner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_123","first-page":"326","author":"Holcombe SJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_2_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.4.772","volume":"46","author":"Brouillette RT","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Appl 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