{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:29:25Z","timestamp":1773797365739,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To test the ability of a single injection of a\nsustained-release formulation of moxidectin (moxidectin\nSR) to protect dogs against heartworm infection\nfor 180 days after inoculation with infective thirdstage\nlarvae (L3) of <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201432 adult mixed-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were allocated to 4 groups on the\nbasis of weight and sex. Dogs were injected SC with\nsaline (0.9% NaCl) solution or moxidectin SR at the\nrate of 0.06, 0.17, or 0.5 mg\/kg of body weight (day 0).\nEach dog was inoculated SC with 50 <jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic> L3 180\ndays later. On days 330 and 331, dogs were euthanatized.\nThe heart, lungs, and thoracic cavity were examined,\nand number and sex of heartworms were determined.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014A mean of 35.9 heartworms was recovered\nfrom untreated control dogs. Fourteen worms were\nrecovered from 1 of 8 dogs given moxidectin SR at the\nlowest dosage, and none of the dogs in the 2 highest\nmoxidectin treatment groups were infected. Small\nbarely palpable granulomas were detected at injection\nsites of moxidectin-treated dogs. Frequency and size of\ngranulomas were positively correlated with dose of\nmoxidectin administered.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014A single dose\nof moxidectin SR at a dosage as low as 0.17 mg\/kg\ncan safely and reliably confer complete protection\nagainst infection after challenge-exposure with\n<jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic> L3, and protection lasts for at least 180\ndays. This mode of prophylactic treatment against\ninfection with heartworms effectively eliminates failure\nof prophylaxis that results from erratic administration\nof medications designed for monthly administration.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1721\u20131726)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:28:43Z","timestamp":1133890123000},"page":"1721-1726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Activity of an injectable, sustained-release formulation of moxidectin administered prophylactically to mixed-breed dogs to prevent infection with Dirofilaria immitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"James B.","family":"Lok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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