{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:27:09Z","timestamp":1771633629484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the in vitro effects of adenosine\ntryphosphate (ATP) on vasomotor tone of equine\ncolonic vasculature.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Arteries and veins from the left\nventral colon of 14 mixed-breed horses euthanatized\nfor reasons unrelated to cardiovascular or gastrointestinal\ntract disease.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Endothelium-intact and -denuded arterial\nand venous rings were precontracted with 10<jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup> and\n1.8 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> endothelin-1, respectively. In 1 trial,\nendothelium-intact rings were also incubated with\n10<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> N\u03c9-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to\ninhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. Adenosine\ntriphosphate (10<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>) was added in a noncumulative\nmanner, and relaxation percentage versus time\ncurves were generated. Areas under the curves (ie,\npercentage of relaxation time) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Relaxation response of arterial and venous\nrings to ATP was dose-dependent. Percentage of\nrelaxation time in response to 10<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> ATP was\nsignificantly greater, compared with that for rings not\ntreated with ATP. Removal of endothelium attenuated\nbut did not eliminate the relaxation response. Addition\nof L-NAME did not attenuate the relaxation response\nin arteries. At higher concentrations, the vascular\nresponse to ATP was biphasic.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014ATP applied to\nequine colonic arterial and venous rings with and without\nintact endothelium induced a biphasic response\ncharacterized by transient contraction followed by slow,\nsubstantial, and sustained relaxation. This ATP-induced\nresponse is possibly mediated by a mechanism other\nthan NO. Adenosine triphosphate may be a useful\ntreatment to modulate colonic vasomotor tone in horses\nwith strangulating volvulus of the ascending colon.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:1928\u20131933)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:34:36Z","timestamp":1133890476000},"page":"1928-1933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In vitro responses of equine colonic arterial and venous rings to adenosine triphosphate"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Joanne","family":"Tetens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changaram S.","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Earnestine 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