{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:23:17Z","timestamp":1741411397325,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To estimate the probability for exceeding\na threshold concentration of furosemide commonly\nused for regulatory purposes after IV administration\nof furosemide in horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201412 mature healthy horses (6 Thoroughbreds\nand 6 Quarter Horses).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Venous blood was collected from each\nhorse prior to and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, and\n6 hours after administration of 250 or 500 mg of\nfurosemide. Concentrations of furosemide were\ndetermined, using an ELISA. Concentration of\nfurosemide was modeled as a function of time,\naccounting for inter- and intrahorse variabilities. On\nthe basis of pharmacokinetic data, the probability for\nexceeding a concentration of 100 ng\/ml as a function\nof time was determined, using a semiparametric\nsmooth functional averaging method. A bootstrap\napproach was used to assess inherent variation in\nthis estimated probability.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The estimated probability of exceeding the\nthreshold of 100 ng of furosemide\/ml ranged from\n11.6% at 4 hours to 2.2% at 5.5 hours after IV administration\nof 250 mg of furosemide\/horse and 34.2% at\n4 hours to 12.3% at 5.5 hours after IV administration\nof 500 mg of furosemide\/horse. The probability of a\nhorse being falsely identified in violation of regulatory\nconcentrations was inversely associated with time\nand positively associated with dose.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Interhorse\nvariability with respect to pharmacokinetics of\nfurosemide will result in misclassification of some\nhorses as being in violation of regulatory concentrations.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:320\u2013325)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:16:52Z","timestamp":1133889412000},"page":"320-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimation of the probability for exceeding a threshold concentration of furosemide at various intervals after intravenous administration in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naisyin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00951.x","volume":"5","author":"Hinchcliff KW","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"p_2_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00753.x","volume":"13","author":"Stevenson AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"p_3_153","first-page":"27","volume":"35","author":"Combie J","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"p_4_154","first-page":"257","volume":"15","author":"Roberts BL","year":"1976","journal-title":"Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"p_5_155","first-page":"14","volume":"15","author":"Vulliet R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_6_156","first-page":"99","author":"Davidian M","year":"1995","journal-title":"New York: Chapman and Hall"},{"key":"p_7_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"Dempster AP","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Royal Stat Soc B"},{"key":"p_8_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davison AC, Hinkley DV. Basis boostraps. Confidence intervals. Bootstrap methods and their application. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997;11-44, 193-211.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802843"},{"key":"p_9_159","unstructured":"Rosner B. Rank correlation. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 2nd ed. Boston: Duxbury Press, 1986;419-424."},{"key":"p_10_160","unstructured":"Recommendations for permitted medication: phenylbutazone and furosemide. Association of racing commisioners international-quality assurance program newsletter 1995;(Apr):1."},{"key":"p_11_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1996.tb00033.x","volume":"19","author":"Dyke TM","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/3\/ajvr.2001.62.320.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/3\/ajvr.2001.62.320.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/3\/ajvr.2001.62.320.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:54:50Z","timestamp":1741352090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/3\/ajvr.2001.62.320.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.320","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}}}