{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:56:42Z","timestamp":1789592202521,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine effects of intranasal inoculation\nwith porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome\nvirus (PRRSV) or <jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic> on\nchallenge with nontoxigenic <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic> in\npigs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014Seventy 3-week-old pigs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014In experiment 1, pigs were not inoculated\n(n= 10) or were inoculated with PRRSV (10), <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>\n(10), or PRRSV followed by challenge with <jats:italic>P\nmultocida<\/jats:italic> (10). In experiment 2, pigs were not inoculated\n(n = 10) or were inoculated with <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>\n(10) or PRRSV and <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic> (10); all pigs\nwere challenged with <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>. Five pigs from\neach group were necropsied 14 and 21 days after initial\ninoculations.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic> was not isolated\nfrom tissue specimens of pigs challenged with <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>\nalone or after inoculation with PRRSV.\nHowever, in pigs challenged after inoculation with <jats:italic>B\nbronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic> was isolated from specimens\nof the nasal cavity and tonsil of the soft palate.\nNumber of bacteria isolated increased in pigs challenged\nafter coinoculation with PRRSV and <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>,\nand all 3 agents were isolated from <jats:italic>pneumonic<\/jats:italic>\nlesions in these pigs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Infection of\npigs with <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic> but not PRRSV prior to\nchallenge with <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic> resulted in colonization of\nthe upper respiratory tract and tonsil of the soft palate\nwith <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>. Coinfection with PRRSV and <jats:italic>B\nbronchiseptica<\/jats:italic> predisposed pigs to infection of the\nupper respiratory tract and lung with <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>.\nPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus\nand <jats:italic>B bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic> may interact to adversely affect\nrespiratory tract defense mechanisms, leaving pigs\nespecially vulnerable to infection with secondary\nagents such as <jats:italic>P multocida<\/jats:italic>. (<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;\n62:521\u2013525)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:23:41Z","timestamp":1133889821000},"page":"521-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Effects of intranasal inoculation with Bordetella bronchiseptica, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, or a combination of both organisms on subsequent infection with Pasteurella multocida in pigs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Brockmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell V.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Bolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Rimler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_277","first-page":"343","author":"Halbur PG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Assoc Swine Pract"},{"key":"p_2_278","first-page":"23","volume":"12","author":"Loula T","year":"1991","journal-title":"Agri-Practice"},{"key":"p_3_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500435","volume":"5","author":"Goyal SM","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"p_4_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500322","volume":"5","author":"Stevenson GW","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"p_5_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879300500404","volume":"5","author":"Zeman D","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"p_6_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.135.1.6","volume":"135","author":"Dee SA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_7_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.3.60","volume":"134","author":"Galina L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_8_284","first-page":"236","author":"Molitor T","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Assoc Swine Pract"},{"key":"p_9_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.136.2.32","volume":"136","author":"Done SH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_10_286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00145-X"},{"key":"p_11_287","unstructured":"Giles CJ. 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