{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T04:58:44Z","timestamp":1749617924602,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the full-length complementary\nDNA (cDNA) sequence of equine retinal and\npineal gland phosducin (PHD) and to clone these\nsequences.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Samples of equine retinal\nRNA.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014A primer set was designed for use in\nidentifying a fragment of the equine PHD nucleotide\nsequence, derived from retinal RNA samples, and\nsubsequently for use to deduce specific primers for\nadditional examination. The full-length cDNA was\ndetermined by the method of rapid amplification of\ncDNA ends (RACE). For full-length cDNA, newly\ndesigned primers were used. Nucleotide sequences\nwere analyzed by use of computer software. The\ndeduced amino acid sequence was compared with\nsequences of PHD reported for other species. In addition,\nthe sequence of equine pineal PHD was cloned.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The cDNA nucleotide sequence for equine\nPHD was 1,209 base pairs (bp) in length with an openreading\nframe encoding a protein of 245 amino acids\nand a calculated molecular mass of 28.214 kd. Similarity\nwith amino acid sequences of PHD from other species\nwas 89 to 93%. Sequences of equine PHD from retina\nand pineal gland were identical. Equine PHD contained\na peptide sequence with 100% homology to an\nuveitopathogenic peptide reported for rat PHD.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2014Equine PHD is a highly conserved protein\nthat has homology of immunologic interest with\nrat PHD. These results establish a basis for studying\nthe role of PHD in ocular inflammation of horses. 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