{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1790867708624,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To record respiratory sounds in exercising\nhorses and determine whether spectrum analysis\ncould be use to identify sounds specific for laryngeal\nhemiplegia (LH) and dorsal displacement of the soft\npalate (DDSP).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20145 Standardbred horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Respiratory sounds were recorded and\npharyngeal pressure and stride frequency were measured\nwhile horses exercised at speeds corresponding\nto maximum heart rate, before and after induction\nof LH and DDSP.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014When airway function was normal, expiratory\nsounds predominated and lasted throughout\nexhalation. After induction of LH, expiratory sounds\nwere unaffected; however, all horses produced inspiratory\nsounds characterized by 3 frequency bands\ncentered at approximately 0.3, 1.6, and 3.8 kHz. After\ninduction of DDSP, inspiratory sounds were unaffected,\nbut a broad-frequency expiratory sound, characterized\nby rapid periodicity (rattling) was heard\nthroughout expiration. This sound was not consistently\ndetected in all horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The technique\nused to record respiratory sounds was well tolerated\nby the horses, easy, and inexpensive.\nSpectrum analysis of respiratory sounds from exercising\nhorses after experimental induction of LH or\nDDSP revealed unique sound patterns. If other conditions\ncausing airway obstruction are also associated\nwith unique sound patterns, spectrum analysis of respiratory\nsounds may prove to be useful in the diagnosis\nof airway abnormalities in horses. 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