{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:49:48Z","timestamp":1789951788640,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To validate use of high-performance liquid\nchromatography (HPLC) in determining\nimipramine concentrations in equine serum and to\ndetermine pharmacokinetics of imipramine in narcoleptic\nhorses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20145 horses with adult-onset narcolepsy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Blood samples were collected before\n(time 0) and 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 minutes and\n1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after IV administration\nof imipramine hydrochloride (2 or 4 mg\/kg of body\nweight). Serum was analyzed, using HPLC, to determine\nimipramine concentration. The serum concentration-versus-time curve for each horse was analyzed\nseparately to estimate pharmacokinetic values.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Adverse effects (muscle fasciculations,\ntachycardia, hyperresponsiveness to sound, and\nhemolysis) were detected in most horses when\nserum imipramine concentrations were high, and\nthese effects were most severe in horses receiving 4\nmg of imipramine\/kg. Residual adverse effects were\nnot apparent. Value (mean \u00b1 SD) for area under the\ncurve was 3.9 \u00b1 0.7 h \u00d7 \u03bcg\/ml, whereas volume of\ndistribution was 584 \u00b1 161.7 ml\/kg, total body clearance\nwas 522 \u00b1 102 ml\/kg\/h, and mean residence\ntime was 1.8 \u00b1 0.6 hours. One horse had signs of narcolepsy\n6 and 12 hours after imipramine administration;\ncorrresponding serum imipramine concentrations\nwere less than the therapeutic range.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Potentially\nserious adverse effects may be seen in horses administered\ndoses of imipramine that exceed a dosage of\n2 mg\/kg. Total body clearance of imipramine in horses\nis slower than that in humans; thus, the interval\nbetween subsequent doses should be longer in horses.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2001;62:783\u2013786)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:28:14Z","timestamp":1133890094000},"page":"783-786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of imipramine in narcoleptic horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Peck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa T.","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina L.","family":"Mealey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Mealey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_599","unstructured":"Baldessarini RJ. Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In: Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, et al, eds. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 3rd ed. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990;383-435."},{"key":"p_2_600","first-page":"126","volume":"183","author":"Sweeney CR","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_601","first-page":"171","volume":"38","author":"Card CE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"p_4_602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.12.1602","volume":"207","author":"Turner RMO","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_5_603","first-page":"598","volume":"17","author":"Aldrich MS","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"p_6_604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.suppl_8.S93","volume":"17","author":"Parkes D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"p_7_605","unstructured":"Hines MT, Schott HC, Byrne BA. Adult-onset narcolepsy in the horse, in Proceedings. 38th Ann Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract 1992;38:289-296."},{"key":"p_8_606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199018050-00002","volume":"18","author":"Sallee FR","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"p_9_607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199324040-00004","volume":"24","author":"Furlanut M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"p_10_608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90142-5"},{"key":"p_11_609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(82)90100-X"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/5\/ajvr.2001.62.783.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/5\/ajvr.2001.62.783.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/5\/ajvr.2001.62.783.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:54:33Z","timestamp":1741352073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/62\/5\/ajvr.2001.62.783.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.783","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]}}}