{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:20:17Z","timestamp":1790835617592,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether a monovalent\n<jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> serovar hardjo (type hardjobovis)\nvaccine commercially available in Australia,\nNew Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom would\nprotect cattle from renal colonization and urinary\nshedding when exposed to a US strain of <jats:italic>Leptospira\nborgpetersenii <\/jats:italic>serovar hardjo.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201424 Hereford heifers that lacked detectable\nantibodies against serovar hardjo.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Heifers received 2 doses, 4 weeks\napart, of the commercial hardjo vaccine (n = 8) or a\nmonovalent US reference hardjo vaccine (8) or were\nnot vaccinated (controls; 8). Heifers were challenged\n16 weeks later by intraperitoneal inoculation or conjunctival\ninstillation. Serum antibody titers were measured\nweekly, and urine samples were examined for\nleptospires. Heifers were euthanatized 11 to 14\nweeks after challenge, and kidney tissue was examined\nfor evidence of colonization.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All 8 heifers vaccinated with the reference\nvaccine were found to be shedding leptospires in\ntheir urine and had evidence of renal colonization. All\n4 control heifers challenged by conjunctival instillation\nand 2 of 4 control heifers challenged by intraperitoneal\ninoculation shed leptospires in their urine, and\nall 8 had evidence of renal colonization. In contrast,\nleptospires were not detected in the urine or tissues\nof any of the 8 heifers that received the commercial\nhardjo vaccine. Heifers that received the commercial\nhardjo vaccine had significantly higher antibody titers\nthan did heifers that received the reference vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat cattle that received 2 doses of the commercial\nhardjo vaccine were protected against renal colonization\nand urinary shedding when challenged with <jats:italic>L\nborgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> serovar hardjo strain 203 four months\nafter vaccination. 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