{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:33:57Z","timestamp":1777422837756,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To develop an endoscopic technique for\nuse in monitoring devlopment of gastric ulcers via a\ngastric cannula during withholding of feed and administration\nof a finely ground diet to pigs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 pigs weighing between 60 and 70 kg.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014A gastric cannula was surgically inserted\nadjacent to the pars esophagea in each pig. Pigs were\nfed a finely ground diet for two 7-day periods that were\nseparated by a 48-hour period during which feed was\nwithheld. Endoscopic examination via the gastric cannula\nwas used to monitor development of ulcers in the\npars esophageal region of the pigs during the 48-hour\nperiod of feed withhold and subsequent 7-day feeding\nperiod. An ulcer score was assigned during each endoscopic\nexamination. A final examination was performed\nduring necropsy and compared with results for the final\nendoscopic examination.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Consumption of a finely ground diet for 7\ndays resulted in progressive erosive damage to the\npars esophageal region of the stomach. Further significant\nincreases in ulcerative damage were detected\nafter 24 and 48 hours of withholding of feed. Final\nexamination during necropsy did not reveal significant\ndifferences from results obtained during the final\nendoscopic examination.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Endoscopic\nexamination via a gastric cannula was an effective\nmeans of monitoring ulcer development in the pars\nesophagea of pigs. Feeding a finely ground diet and\nwithholding of feed induced endoscopically observable\nulcers in the stratified squamous epithelial region\nof the stomach. Direct visual examination during\nnecropsy confirmed the accuracy of endoscopic\nexamination. 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