{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:09:26Z","timestamp":1788278966007,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize structural changes in pulmonary\nvessels of dogs with dirofilariosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20148 dogs with dirofilariosis and 2 unaffected\ncontrol dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Pulmonary artery pressure was measured\nin affected dogs, and dogs then were euthanatized.\nScanning electron microscopy was used to\nexamine vascular corrosion casts of pulmonary vasculature.\nTissue sections of pulmonary vasculature\nwere evaluated by use of histologic examination.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Pulmonary artery pressure was higher in\ndogs with severely affected pulmonary vessels. In tissue\nsections, dilatation, as well as lesions in the tunica\nintima and proliferative lesions resulting in constriction\nor obstruction, were frequently observed in\nbranches of the pulmonary artery. Numerous dilated\nbronchial arteries were observed around affected pulmonary\narteries. Hyperplastic venous sphincters\nwere observed in small pulmonary veins and venules.\nIn corrosion casts, affected pulmonary lobar arteries\nhad dilatation, pruning, abnormal tapering, constriction,\nand obstruction. In small arteries and arterioles,\nsurface structures representing aneurisms and\nedema were seen. Bronchial arteries were well developed\nand extremely dilated, and they formed numerous\nanastomoses with pulmonary arteries at all levels,\nfrom the pulmonary trunk to peripheral vessels.\nCapillaries in the lungs were dilated with little structural\nchange. Small pulmonary veins and venules had\nirregular annular constrictions that were caused by\nhyperplastic smooth muscle cells of venous sphincters.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Scanning\nelectron microscopy of microvascular casts delineated\nlinks between the bronchial and pulmonary circulations\nin dogs with dirofilariosis. Results of scanning\nelectron microscopy provided a structural explanation\nfor the development of pulmonary circulatory disturbances\nand pulmonary hypertension in dogs affected\nby dirofilariosis. 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