{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1776963724148,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To correlate tissue distribution with\ndevelopment of lesions after experimental infection\nwith a virulent strain of noncytopathic bovine viral\ndiarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 in calves.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014Ten 14-day-old and two 2-month-old\ncolostrum-deprived calves.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Calves were intranasally inoculated with\nBVDV type-2 strain 1373 from an outbreak of clinically\nsevere bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). Two 14-day-old calves\nserved as noninfected controls. Two calves each were\neuthanatized on postinoculation days 3, 6, and 12, and\n1 each on days 8, 9, 13, and 14. Tissues were collected\nfor immunohistologic and histologic examination.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Inoculated calves developed nonspecific\nclinical signs characterized by high fever and\ndecreased numbers of leukocytes and thrombocytes.\nViral antigen was detected focally in lymphoid tissues\non day 3. On days 6, 8, 9, 12, and 14, viral antigen\nbecame increasingly widespread throughout organs\nand tissues. Viral antigen in lymphoid tissues was\nassociated with severe depletion of all compartments.\nLesions in other tissues were not well correlated\nwith distribution of viral antigen. Depletion of\nlymphoid tissues was observed in a calf on day 13,\nbut viral antigen had been cleared from most tissues\nand was detected in vascular walls only.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Infection with\na virulent BVDV strain resulted in wide dissemination\nof viral antigen in host tissues. Severe lymphoid depletion\ndeveloped in lymphoid tissues, whereas viral antigen\nwas generally not associated with lesions in other\ntissues. Findings suggest that development of lesions\nin acute BVD is not solely a function of viral replication\nand is also attributable to host reaction to infection.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2002;63:1575\u20131584<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T11:39:57Z","timestamp":1133955597000},"page":"1575-1584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Distribution of viral antigen and development of lesions after experimental infection with highly virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in calves"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Liebler-Tenorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia F.","family":"Ridpath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(95)80145-6","volume":"151","author":"Nettleton PF","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"p_2_464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1620"},{"key":"p_3_465","unstructured":"Heinz FX, Collett MS, Purcell RH, etal Family Flaviviridae. 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