{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:21:16Z","timestamp":1789906876283,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To estimate sensitivity and specificity of\n4 commonly used brucellosis screening tests in cattle\nand domestic water buffalo of Trinidad, and to compare\ntest parameter estimates between cattle and\nwater buffalo.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014391 cattle and 381 water buffalo.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u20144 <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>-infected herds (2 cattle and 2\nwater buffalo) and 4 herds (2 of each species) considered\nto be brucellosis-free were selected. A minimum\nof 100 animals, or all animals &gt; 1 year of age, were\ntested from each herd. Serum samples were evaluated\nfor <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>-specific antibodies by use of standard\nplate agglutination test (SPAT), card test (CT),\nbuffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), and standard\ntube agglutination test (STAT). A Bayesian approach\nwas used to estimate sensitivity and specificity of\ndiagnostic tests without the use of a gold standard,\nassuming conditional independence of tests.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Sensitivity and specificity estimates in cattle,\nrespectively, were SPAT, 66.7 and 98.9; CT, 72.7\nand 99.6; BPAT, 88.1 and 98.1; and STAT, 80.2 and\n99.3. Corresponding test estimates in water buffalo,\nrespectively, were SPAT, 51.4 and 99.3; CT, 90.4 and\n99.4; BPAT, 96.3 and 90.7; and STAT, 75.0 and 98.8.\nSensitivity of the CT and specificity of the BPAT were\ndifferent between cattle and water buffalo with at\nleast 95% probability.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Brucellosis\nserologic test performance varied by species tested,\nbut BPAT had the highest sensitivity for screening cattle\nand water buffalo. Sensitivity and specificity of\nmore than 2 screening tests can be estimated simultaneously\nwithout a gold standard by use of Bayesian\ntechniques. 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