{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:26:52Z","timestamp":1784820412902,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration\nof a 2% solution of cyclosporine (CsA) for\ntreatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca\n(KCS) and to correlate results with histopathologic\ncharacteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland\nof the third eyelid.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201424 dogs with bilateral KCS.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Lacrimal secretion was measured, using\nSchirmer tear test (STT) strips. Leukocyte and T-lymphocyte\nsubsets were determined in blood samples.\nHistopathologic changes as well as CD4+, CD8+, and\nalpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase-positive (ANAE+)\nlymphocytes were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical signs resolved at the end of 1\nmonth in conjunction with significantly increased STT\nvalues, compared with baseline values. Fifteen and\n30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, a\ndecrease was observed in STT values in both eyes;\nhowever, only values for the right eye were significantly\ndifferent. There was a significant decrease in\nthe number of lymphocytes and ANAE+ lymphocytes\n15 and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment,\ncompared with baseline values. Differences\nwere not observed in number of CD4+ lymphocytes\namong treatment groups. However, there was a significant\ndecrease in number of CD8+ lymphocytes\nwith reversal of the CD4+:CD8+ in both eyes after\nCsA treatment for 30 days, compared with the control\ngroup. Increased secretory activity and decreased\nlymphocyte infiltration were characteristic histopathologic\nfindings.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Topical\nadministration of a 2% solution of CsA was effective\nfor the treatment of dogs with KCS. Strict follow-up\nmonitoring is required after the cessation of treatment\nbecause of the possibility of recurrence of KCS.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2002;63:688\u2013694)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T14:49:15Z","timestamp":1135176555000},"page":"688-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Histologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid after topical ophthalmic administration of 2% cyclosporine for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis 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