{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:23:37Z","timestamp":1790299417871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare the perioperative stress\nresponse in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine\nas part of the preanesthetic medication.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201442 client-owned dogs that underwent\nelective ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each dog was randomly allocated to\nreceive medetomidine and butorphanol tartrate\n(20 \u00b5g\/kg and 0.2 mg\/kg, respectively, IM) or acepromazine\nmaleate and butorphanol (0.05 and 0.2 mg\/kg,\nrespectively, IM) for preanesthetic medication.\nApproximately 80 minutes later, anesthesia was\ninduced by administration of propofol and maintained\nby use of isoflurane in oxygen. Each dog was also\ngiven carprofen before surgery and buprenorphine\nafter surgery. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine,\nnorepinephrine, cortisol, and \u03b2-endorphin were measured\nat various stages during the perioperative period.\nIn addition, cardiovascular and clinical variables\nwere monitored.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine,\nand cortisol were significantly lower for dogs\nadministered medetomidine. Concentrations of\n\u03b2-endorphin did not differ between the 2 groups.\nHeart rate was significantly lower and mean arterial\nblood pressure significantly higher in dogs administered\nmedetomidine, compared with values for dogs\nadministered acepromazine.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicate\nthat for preanesthetic medications, medetomidine\nmay offer some advantages over acepromazine\nwith respect to the ability to decrease perioperative\nconcentrations of stress-related hormones. In particular,\nthe ability to provide stable plasma catecholamine\nconcentrations may help to attenuate perioperative\nactivation of the sympathetic nervous system.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2002;63:969\u2013975)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:27:09Z","timestamp":1138040829000},"page":"969-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Misse","family":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Raekallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erja","family":"Kuusela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirkko","family":"Huttunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhani","family":"Lepp\u00e4luoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kirves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Vainio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/56.7.725","volume":"56","author":"Derbyshire DR","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"p_2_257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/85.1.109"},{"key":"p_3_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198804000-00002","volume":"68","author":"Roizen MF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"p_4_259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1999.00659.x"},{"key":"p_5_260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2000.00085.x"},{"key":"p_6_261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.509"},{"key":"p_7_262","first-page":"97","volume":"85","author":"Raiha MP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"p_8_263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000341"},{"key":"p_9_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1981.tb06822.x","volume":"112","author":"Vuolteenaho O","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"p_10_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.08.1098","volume":"56","author":"Stobie D","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_11_266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00141-3"},{"key":"p_12_267","first-page":"409","author":"Haskins SC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co"},{"key":"p_13_268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.616"},{"key":"p_14_269","first-page":"932","volume":"75","author":"Aho M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"p_15_270","first-page":"337","volume":"32","author":"Langer SZ","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"p_16_271","unstructured":"Plumb DC. 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