{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:38:20Z","timestamp":1791819500546,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To examine in vitro effects of various\nantiproteolytic compounds on activity of matrix metalloproteinase\n(MMP)-2 and -9 in the tear film of horses\nwith active corneal ulcers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Samples of tear film obtained\nfrom the eyes of 34 horses with active ulcerative keratitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Horses were sedated, and tear samples\nwere collected from the lower fornix of 34 ulcerated\neyes by use of capillary tubes. The protease inhibitors\n0.2% EDTA, 0.1% doxycycline, 10% N-acetylcysteine\n(NAC), 0.1% solution of a modified dipeptide that contains\nhydroxamic acid (ie, ilomostat), 0.1% \u03b11-proteinase\ninhibitor (PI), 0.5% \u03b11-PI, and 100% fresh\nequine serum (ES) were used to treat pooled samples.\nAmount of latent and active MMP-2 and -9 was\nmeasured by optical density scanning of gelatin\nzymograms of treated and untreated tear samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Pooled tear samples obtained from ulcerated\neyes contained the latent and active forms of\nMMP-2 and -9. Compared with MMP activity in\nuntreated samples, total MMP activity (sum of all\nbands detected) observed on the gelatin zymogram\ngels was reduced by 99.4% by EDTA, 96.3% by doxycycline,\n98.8% by NAC, 98.9% by ilomostat, 52.4%\nby 0.1% \u03b11-PI, 93.6% by 0.5% \u03b11-PI, and 90.0% by\nES.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014We documented\nthat EDTA, doxycycline, NAC, ilomostat, \u03b11-\nPI, and ES inhibited MMP activity in vitro. Because\nthese compounds use different mechanisms to inhibit\nvarious families of proteases in the tear film of horses,\na combination of these protease inhibitors may be\nbeneficial for treatment of corneal ulcers in horses.\n(\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2003;64:1081\u20131087)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T06:54:39Z","timestamp":1135234479000},"page":"1081-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Evaluation of various compounds to inhibit activity of matrix metalloproteinases in the tear film of horses with ulcerative keratitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Franck J.","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis 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