{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:11:26Z","timestamp":1785427886922,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine changes in the distal ends\nof the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones (MCIII\nand MTIII) of Thoroughbred racehorses that had sustained\na catastrophic condylar fracture during highspeed\nexercise.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fractured and contralateral\nMCIIIs and MTIIIs from 11 Thoroughbred racehorses\nthat sustained a displaced condylar fracture during\nracing, both MCIIIs from 5 Thoroughbred racehorses\neuthanatized because of a catastrophic injury other\nthan a condylar fracture, and both MCIIIs from 5 horses\nof other breeds that had not been professionally\ntrained or raced.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Macroscopic observations were made\nof the distal ends of the bones before and after digestion\nof the articular cartilage with NaOH.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In all 11 racehorses with a displaced condylar\nfracture, the fracture was associated with a\nbranching array of cracks in the condylar groove. In\nthis region, fracture margins were smooth, and there\nwas loss of subchondral bone. Comminution of the\ndorsal cortex was also seen. Parasagittal linear wear\nlines in the articular cartilage, erosions in the articular\ncartilage of the condyles, loss of the underlying subchondral\nbone, and cracking of condylar grooves were\nall more severe in the Thoroughbred racehorses than\nin the horses that had not been professionally trained\nor raced.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat condylar fractures in horses are pathologic\nfatigue or stress fractures that arise from a preexisting,\nbranching array of cracks in the condylar groove\nof the distal end of MCIII or MTIII. 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