{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:53Z","timestamp":1775768993764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine the effect of oral administration\nof low doses of pentobarbital on cytochrome\nP450 (CYP) isoforms and CYP-mediated reactions in\nimmature Beagles.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201442 immature (12-week-old) Beagles.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Dogs were grouped and treated orally as\nfollows for 8 weeks: low-dose pentobarbital (50 \u00b5g\/d;\n4 males, 4 females), mid-dose pentobarbital (150\n\u00b5g\/d; 4 males, 4 females), high-dose pentobarbital\n(500 \u00b5g\/d; 4 males, 4 females), positive-pentobarbital\ncontrol (10 mg\/kg\/d; 2 males, 2 females), positivephenobarbital\ncontrol (10 mg\/kg\/d; 2 males, 2\nfemales), and negative control (saline [0.9% NaCl]\nsolution; 5 males, 5 females). Serum biochemical and\nhematologic values were monitored. On necropsy\nexamination, organ weights were determined, and\nhistologic evaluation of tissue sections of liver, kidney,\nsmall intestine, testes, epididymis, and ovaries was\nperformed. Hepatic and intestinal drug-metabolizing\nenzyme activities were measured, and relative\namounts of CYP isoforms were determined by western\nblot analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The amount of a hepatic CYP2A-related isoform\nin dogs from the high-dose pentobarbital treatment\ngroup was twice that of dogs from the negative\ncontrol group. CYP2C was not detectable in small\nintestinal mucosa of dogs from the negative control\ngroup; measurable amounts of CYP2C were found in\ndogs from the various (low-, mid-, and high-dose) pentobarbital\ntreatment groups and from positive-pentobarbital\nand positive phenobarbital control groups.\nSeveral CYP-mediated reactions increased in a dosedependent\nmanner. The lowest calculated effective\ndose of pentobarbital ranged from 200 to 450 \u00b5g\/d.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Several CYP\nisoforms and their associated reactions were induced\nin dogs by oral administration of low amounts of pentobarbital.\n(\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2003;64:1167\u20131175)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T06:54:39Z","timestamp":1135234479000},"page":"1167-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on the induction of cytochrome P450 isoforms and cytochrome P450-mediated reactions in immature Beagles"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Kawalek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karyn D.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy E.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Derr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol V.","family":"Cope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean D.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_438","unstructured":"Budavari S. 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