{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:52:34Z","timestamp":1775742754336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory\neffect of single doses of carprofen, etodolac,\nmeloxicam, and butorphanol in dogs with induced\nacute synovitis (acute pain model) via kinetic gait\nanalysis and orthopedic evaluation and examine measurement\nof serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration\nas an indicator of treatment efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201412 Beagles and 6 additional Beagles that\nwere used only in serum CRP analyses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Acute synovitis was induced in right stifle\njoints of dogs via intra-articular injection of\nmonosodium urate solution. Treatments included\nbutorphanol (0.2 mg\/kg, IV), carprofen (4 mg\/kg, PO),\netodolac (17 mg\/kg, PO), or meloxicam (0.2 mg\/kg,\nPO); control dogs received no treatment. The procedure\nwas repeated (3-week intervals) until all dogs\nreceived all treatments including control treatment.\nLameness was assessed on a biomechanical force\nplatform and via orthopedic evaluations of the stifle\njoints; blood was collected to monitor serum CRP\nconcentration.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Compared with control dogs, treated dogs\nhad significantly different vertical ground reaction\nforces and weight-bearing scores. Greatest improvement\nin lameness was observed in carprofen-treated\ndogs. Etodolac had the fastest onset of action.\nCompared with butorphanol treatment, only carprofen\nand etodolac were associated with significantly\nlower pain scores. An increase in serum CRP concentration\nwas detected after intra-articular injection in all\ndogs; this change was similar among groups.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Carprofen,\netodolac, and meloxicam had greater efficacy than\nbutorphanol in relief of acute pain. Carprofen was\nmost effective overall. In this acute pain model, serum\nCRP analysis was not useful to assess drug efficacy.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2003;64:1429\u20131437)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:27:20Z","timestamp":1138040840000},"page":"1429-1437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Luc R.","family":"Borer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Seewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schawalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Spreng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_522","first-page":"557","volume":"37","author":"Mathews KA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"p_2_523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.133.10.240","volume":"133","author":"Nolan A","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_3_524","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.211.04.438","volume":"211","author":"Pibarot P","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_4_525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.02.206","volume":"214","author":"Budsberg SC","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_5_526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.06.626","volume":"58","author":"Cross AR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_6_527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633101","volume":"5","author":"Holtsinger RH","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Comp Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"p_7_528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.721"},{"key":"p_8_529","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.802"},{"key":"p_9_530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.8.187","volume":"134","author":"Lascelles BD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_10_531","first-page":"1117","volume":"11","author":"Mathews KA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_11_532","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1810-9_27","volume":"433","author":"Vane JR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"p_12_533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.10.1493","volume":"210","author":"Fox SM","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_13_534","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1755"},{"key":"p_14_535","first-page":"270","volume":"3","author":"Gierse JK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Ther"},{"key":"p_15_536","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(97)50083-0","volume":"27","author":"Johnston SA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_16_537","unstructured":"Hugonnard M, Leblond A, Cadore JL, etalLa douleur: resultats d'une enquete en clientele. 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