{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:21Z","timestamp":1775769021484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To compare the responses of equine digital\narteries (EDAs) and equine digital veins (EDVs) to\nendothelin-1 (ET-1) and determine the role of the\nendothelium and type of receptors involved in the\nmodulation and mediation of those responses,\nrespectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20145 to 9 palmar digital\nvessels\/experiment from 28 healthy horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Rings of dissected vessels were mounted\nunder tension between force transducer wires in\norgan baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution at\n30oC. Responses of EDAs and EDVs (with intact [+e]\nor denuded [\u2013e] endothelium) to cumulative concentrations\nof ET-1 (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u201310<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 3 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    M) were compared.\nFor (+e)EDAs and (+e)EDVs precontracted with a\nthromboxane-mimetic (U44069; 10\n                    <jats:sub>\u20138<\/jats:sub>\n                    M) and (\u2013e)EDAs\nand (\u2013e)EDVs, responses to an ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor agonist\n(S6c; 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u201310<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 3 \u00d7 10\u20137 M) were evaluated. Responses to\nET-1 (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    M) in (\u2013e)EDAs and (\u2013e)EDVs were evaluated\nafter incubation with an ET\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor antagonist (BQ-\n123; 3 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    M), an ET\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor antagonist (BQ-788;\n3 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    M), or vehicle solution.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Endothelin-1 induced a concentrationdependent\ncontraction of endothelium-intact and\n-denuded EDAs and EDVs; EDVs were more sensitive.\nNeither vessel type relaxed in response to S6c,\nalthough 2 of the (\u2013e)EDAs contracted mildly.\nWhereas BQ-123 inhibited the (\u2013e)EDA and (\u2013e)EDV\nresponses to ET-1, BQ-788 had no effect.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Endothelin-1\ninduced digital vasoconstriction (marked constriction\nin veins). This action was unaffected by endothelium\nand mediated predominantly by ET\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors. These\nfindings suggest ET-1 can induce selective digital\nvenoconstriction. (\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2003;64:1438\u20131443\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1138022840000},"page":"1438-1443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterization and comparison of the responses of equine digital arteries and veins to endothelin-1"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Katz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia 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