{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:22Z","timestamp":1775769022636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014To determine the effects of immersion in\nwarm springwater (38\u00b0 to 40\u00b0C) on autonomic nervous\nactivity in horses.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Animals<\/jats:bold>\n \u201410 male Thoroughbreds.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Electrocardiograms were recorded from\nhorses for 15 minutes during a warm springwater bath\nafter being recorded for 15 minutes during stall rest.\nVariations in heart rate (HR) were evaluated from the\npower spectrum in terms of low frequency (LF, 0.01 to\n0.07 Hz) power and high frequency (HF, 0.07 to 0.6 Hz)\npower as indices of autonomic nervous activity.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Mean (\u00b1SE) HR during stall rest and immersion\nin warm springwater was 31.1 \u00b1 1.7 and 30.3 \u00b1\n1.0 beat\/min, respectively. No significant difference\nwas found between the HR recorded during stall rest\nand that recorded during immersion in warm springwater.\nThe HF power significantly increased from\n1,361 \u00b1 466 milliseconds\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n during stall rest to 2,344 \u00b1\n720 milliseconds\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n during immersion in warm springwater.\nThe LF power during stall rest and immersion\nin warm springwater was 3,847 \u00b1 663 and 5,120 \u00b1\n1,094 milliseconds\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , respectively, and were not significantly\ndifferent from each other. Similarly, the LF:HF\nratio did not change during immersion in warm springwater.\nThe frequency of second-degree atrioventricular\nblock, which was observed in 2 horses, increased\nduring immersion in warm springwater, compared\nwith during stall rest.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Increases in\nHF power indicates that the parasympathetic nervous\nactivity in horses increases during immersion in warm\nspringwater. Thus, immersion in warm springwater\nmay provide a means of relaxation for horses. (\n Am J\nVet Res<\/jats:italic>\n 2003;64:1482\u20131485)\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T07:14:33Z","timestamp":1135235673000},"page":"1482-1485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Changes in heart rate variability in horses during immersion in warm 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