{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:52Z","timestamp":1775768992680,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the use of serum concentrations\nof biochemical markers of bone metabolism\n(osteocalcin [OC], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase\n[BS-ALP], and deoxypyridinoline [DPYR]) to compare\nhealing in infected versus noninfected fractures and in\nfractures with normal repair versus delayed (nonunion)\nrepair in rabbits.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201432 female 9- to 10-month-old New Zealand\nWhite rabbits.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014A femoral fracture defect was made in\neach rabbit. Rabbits were assigned to the following\ngroups: the bone morphogenetic-2 gene treatment\ngroup with either noninfected nonunion or infected (ie,\ninoculation of defects with\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\nnonunion fractures or the luciferase (control) gene\ntreatment group with either noninfected nonunion or\ninfected nonunion fractures. Serum samples were\nobtained before surgery (time 0) and 4, 8, 12, and 16\nweeks after surgery. Callus formation and lysis grades\nwere evaluated radiographically at 16 weeks.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Serum OC and BS-ALP concentrations\ndecreased from time 0 at 4 weeks, peaked at 8\nweeks, and then decreased. Serum DPYR concentration\npeaked at 4 weeks and then decreased, independent\nof gene treatment group or fracture infection\nstatus. Compared with rabbits with noninfected fractures,\nthose with infected fractures had lower serum\nOC and BS-ALP concentrations at 4 weeks, higher\nserum OC concentrations at 16 weeks, and higher\nserum DPYR concentrations at 4, 8, and 16 weeks.\nCombined serum OC, BS-ALP, and DPYR concentrations\nprovided an accuracy of 96% for prediction of\nfracture infection status at 4 weeks.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Measurement\nof multiple serum biochemical markers of bone\nmetabolism could be useful for clinical evaluation of\nfracture healing and early diagnosis of osteomyelitis.\n(\n                    <jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    2003;64:727\u2013735)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T13:29:39Z","timestamp":1138022979000},"page":"727-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Evaluation of serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism for early diagnosis of nonunion and infected nonunion fractures in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Louise L.","family":"Southwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Frisbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris E.","family":"Kawcak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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