{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:17:43Z","timestamp":1792034263377,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the effect of topical application\nof a 1% morphine sulfate solution (MSS) on signs\nof pain and wound healing in dogs with corneal ulcers\nand examine normal corneas immunohistochemically\nfor the presence of \u00b5 and \u03b4 opioid receptors.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201412 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014A 7-mm superficial corneal ulcer was\nsurgically created in the right eye (OD) of 10 dogs,\nafter which gentamicin solution and 1% MSS (n = 6)\nor saline solution (4) was administered topically OD 3\ntimes daily. Blepharospasm, tearing, conjunctival\nhyperemia, aqueous flare, esthesiometer readings,\nand pupil size were recorded before and 30 minutes\nafter treatment in all dogs. Ulcer size and days to\ncompletion of healing were recorded. Corneas from 4\ntreated and 3 control dogs were evaluated histologically.\nNormal canine corneas from 2 dogs not used in\nthe study were evaluated immunohistochemically for\nthe presence of \u00b5 and \u03b4 opioid receptors.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs treated with MSS had significantly\nless blepharospasm and lower esthesiometer readings\nthan did control dogs. Duration of ulcer healing\nand findings of histologic evaluation of corneas did\nnot differ between groups. Numerous \u03b4 and infrequent\n\u00b5 opioid receptors were identified in the\ncorneal epithelium and anterior stroma of normal\ncorneas.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Topical use of\n1% MSS in dogs with corneal ulcers provided analgesia\nand did not interfere with normal wound healing.\nBoth \u00b5 and \u03b4 opioid receptors were identified in normal\ncorneas of dogs, although the \u00b5 receptors were\npresent only in small numbers. 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