{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T21:06:44Z","timestamp":1777324004048,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize the bacteria of the genital\ntract in adult cats; assess the effect of estrus, mating,\nand administration of progestins on those microorganisms\nin females; and evaluate whether results of\nbacteriologic culture of vaginal swabs are affected by\ncleansing of the vulva prior to sampling or by repeated\nsampling.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201466 female and 29 male cats undergoing\nroutine ovariohysterectomy or castration.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Specimens were obtained from vaginal\nand uterine or preputial mucosae with swabs moistened\nwith sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. In 9 cats, vaginal\nspecimens were obtained before and after cleansing of\nthe vulva with ethanol; in 7 female cats, 2 vaginal specimens\nwere obtained in immediate succession.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Aerobic bacteria were most commonly isolated\nfrom cats' vaginas and prepuces; anaerobic bacteria\nwere isolated frequently from males (41%) but\nrarely from females (5%). Generally, culture results\nwere not affected by cleansing of the vulva or repeated\nvaginal sampling. The bacterial population of the\nvaginas of cats was influenced by stage of the\nestrous cycle but not by mating or administration of\nprogestins. Bacteria were not isolated from the\nuterus of any cat.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014In cats, bacteria\nof the genital tract in females are predominantly\naerobic; in males, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are\nfound. The bacterial population of the vagina is affected\nby stage of the estrous cycle. Pure growth of bacteria\nin culture of genital tract specimens is a normal\nfinding; antimicrobials should only be administered if\nclinical signs of genital infection are present.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2003;64:963\u2013968)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T13:31:21Z","timestamp":1135258281000},"page":"963-968","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Characterization of the bacterial population of the genital tract of adult cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Bodil 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