{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:17:29Z","timestamp":1761707849787,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe the distribution of mRNA that\ncodes for 9 subtypes of adrenergic receptors in the\ndigestive tract of dairy cows.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fresh full-thickness wall specimens\nfrom the abomasum (fundus, corpus, and\nantrum), ileum, cecum, proximal loop of ascending\ncolon, and 4 locations of the spiral colon collected from\n10 healthy cows at slaughter.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Concentrations of mRNA that code for 9\nsubtypes of adrenergic receptors in the bovine gastrointestinal\ntract (\u03b1<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>1D<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2AD<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>,\nand \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) were measured by use of a quantitative realtime\nreverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction\nassay. Results were reported in relation to mRNA\nexpression of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde\nphosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean mRNA contents of adrenergic receptors\nin the bovine digestive tract were low (range,\n0.00006% to 5.04% of GAPDH). Distribution of receptor\nsubtypes was similar in all tissues, with lowest\nexpression of \u03b11D receptors, followed by \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>,\n\u03b1<jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the abomasum, whereas \u03b1<jats:sub>2AD<\/jats:sub> and\n\u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the intestines were highest. In comparison with\nthe intestines, relative concentrations of mRNA for\nreceptors \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were significantly lower in the abomasum.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Relative concentrations\nof mRNA that code for adrenergic receptors\ndiffered among receptor subtypes and among locations\nin the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Comparison of these\nvalues established in healthy cattle with results for\ncows with motility disorders, such as abomasal displacement\nand cecal dilatation, may lead to improved\ntherapeutic or prophylactic approaches for these diseases.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2004;65:1142\u20131150)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T09:00:20Z","timestamp":1135242020000},"page":"1142-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Distribution of mRNA that codes for subtypes of adrenergic receptors in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Mireille","family":"Meylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teodora M.","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg W.","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Martig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan P.","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)02031-4"},{"key":"p_2_554","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inderwies T, Pfaffl M, Meyer H, etalDetection and quantification of mRNA expression of i- and -adrenergic receptor subtypes in the mammary gland of dairy cows. 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