{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:26:37Z","timestamp":1790310397285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether gingival crevicular\nfluid (GCF) and serum total antioxidant capacities\n(TACs) correlate with the degree of severity of periodontal\ndisease in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201441 Toy and Miniature Poodles.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014After assessment of the degree of\nseverity of naturally occurring periodontitis, GCF samples\nfrom both maxillary fourth premolars and a blood\nsample were collected from each dog. The condition\nof the periodontium of the entire dentition and at each\nsite of GCF collection was recorded. Clinical parameters\nassessed included plaque index, gingival index,\nand probing depth. Radiographic analysis of alveolar\nbone level was also performed. Total antioxidant\ncapacity was measured in GCF and serum samples\nby use of a commercial kit.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs with gingivitis and minimal periodontitis\nhad significantly higher TAC in GCF than dogs\nwith advanced periodontitis. Bivariate regression\nanalysis revealed significant negative correlations\nbetween TAC in GCF and clinical parameters and age.\nThe TAC in serum was significantly negatively correlated\nwith the degree of gingival inflammation but\nwas not significantly correlated with age.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014TAC in GCF is\nrelated to the degree of severity of periodontal disease\nin dogs. This is likely the result of release of reactive\noxygen species by activated phagocytes and fibroblasts\nin the inflamed periodontal tissues. The results of\nour study suggest that the local delivery of antioxidants\nmay be a useful adjunctive treatment for periodontitis\nin dogs. 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