{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:29Z","timestamp":1775769029658,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection\nof a sustained-release formulation of moxidectin\nin preventing heartworm (\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection\nfor 12 months in dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201414 healthy dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Group A (nontreated control dogs; n = 6)\nreceived sterile vehicle administered SC, and group B\n(treated dogs; n = 6) received a sustained-release formulation\nof moxidectin administered SC. All dogs\nwere housed in a heartworm-endemic area for 11.5\nmonths, and heartworm antigen and modified Knott\ntests were performed monthly. All dogs (including 2\nadditional control dogs [group C]) were then inoculated\nwith infective-stage larvae (L3) of\n                    <jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n4.5 months later, all dogs were euthanatized and postmortem\nexaminations were performed. Adult\n                    <jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were counted and measured, and their age was\nestimated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014All dogs in groups A and C were infected\nwith young (4- to 4.5-month old) adult male and\nfemale\n                    <jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . No dogs in group B were infected\nwith heartworms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The age of\nheartworms recovered suggests that infection was\nthe result of experimental inoculation and not natural\nexposure to mosquitoes during the 11.5-month period\nthe dogs resided in a heartworm-endemic area. A single\nSC injection of a sustained-release formulation of\nmoxidectin was effective in providing protection\nagainst heartworm infection after 12 months in dogs.\nThis formulation is a convenient method of heartworm\nprophylaxis that could eliminate the problem of\npoor owner compliance. (\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2004;\n65:1596\u20131599)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T07:28:09Z","timestamp":1135236489000},"page":"1596-1599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of a single injection of a sustained-release formulation of moxidectin for prevention of experimental heartworm infection after 12 months in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Merete","family":"Holm-Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Atwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_633","unstructured":"Otto GF. Changing geographic distribution of heartworm disease in the United States, in Proceedings. 1st Triennial Symp Am Heartworm Soc 1974;1-2."},{"key":"p_2_634","unstructured":"Walters LL. Risk factors for heartworm infection in Northern California, in Proceedings. 8th Triennial Symp Am Heartworm Soc 1995;5-26."},{"key":"p_3_635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1984.tb07155.x","volume":"61","author":"Carlisle CH","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"p_4_636","unstructured":"Pacheco G. Synopsis of Dr. Seiji Kume's reports at the first international symposium on canine heartworm disease, in Proceedings. 1st Triennial Symp Am Heartworm Soc 1974;137-139."},{"key":"p_5_637","unstructured":"McCall JW, McTier TL, Holmes RA, etalPrevention of naturally acquired heartworm infection in heartworm-naive beagles by oral administration of moxidectin at an interval of either one or two months, in Proceedings. 7th Triennial Symp Am Heartworm Soc 1992;169-177."},{"key":"p_6_638","unstructured":"McTier TL, McCall JW, Dzimianski MT, etalPrevention of experimental heartworm infection in dogs with single oral doses of moxidectin, in Proceedings. 7th Triennial Symp Am Heartworm Soc 1992; 165-168."},{"key":"p_7_639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1721"},{"key":"p_8_640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2307\/3275301","volume":"47","author":"Orihel TC","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"p_9_641","first-page":"1","author":"Lok JB.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fla: CRC Press Inc"},{"key":"p_10_642","first-page":"110","volume":"27","author":"Whelan PI","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"p_11_643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00053-8"},{"key":"p_12_644","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.133","volume":"41","author":"Kelly-Hope LA","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"p_13_645","unstructured":"Zwijnenberg R. Fort Dodge Pty. Limited Adverse Reaction Database; Accessed 2002."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/65\/11\/ajvr.65.11.1596.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/65\/11\/ajvr.65.11.1596.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/65\/11\/ajvr.65.11.1596.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:09:45Z","timestamp":1775765385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/65\/11\/ajvr.65.11.1596.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1596","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]}}}