{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:50:08Z","timestamp":1792788608254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To describe structural changes in the left\natrioventricular (mitral) valve complex of dogs with\nendocardiosis by use of scanning electron microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20145 clinically normal dogs and 4 dogs with\nmitral valve endocardiosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014The mitral valve complex from each dog\nwas fixed and prepared for examination via scanning\nelectron microscopy. Findings in valves from clinically\nnormal and affected dogs were compared to identify\nsurface changes associated with endocardiosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Compared with findings in valves from clinically\nnormal dogs, endocardiosis-affected mitral valve\ncomplexes had several morphologic abnormalities.\nTissue swelling on the edge of valve leaflets, chordae\ntendineae, and the chordal-papillary muscle junction\nwas evident. Damage to the valve complex endothelium\nwas unevenly distributed; in some areas,\ndenudation of endothelial cells had exposed the basement\nmembrane or subendothelial valve collagen\nmatrix. This damage was most noticeable on the\nleaflet edges and extended more to the ventricular\naspect of the valve than the atrial side. Cell loss also\nextended to the chordae tendineae but was less\napparent at the chordal-papillary muscle junction. The\nremaining endothelial cells on affected valves were\narranged in less-ordered rows and had more plasmalemmal\nmicroappendages, compared with cells on\nunaffected valves.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Morphologic\nchanges associated with mitral valve endocardiosis in\ndogs were similar to those observed in humans with\nmitral valve prolapse. In dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis,\ngross changes in the valve complex may\naffect hemodynamics in the heart; alterations in the\nleaflet and chordal endothelium may contribute to\npathogenesis of this disease. 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