{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:30:38Z","timestamp":1770885038071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine effects on anal pressure of\nhorses after local injection of the external anal sphincter\nwith <jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic> toxin type B.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201411 healthy adult horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Peak and resting anal sphincter pressures\nwere measured with a custom-made rectal\nprobe that was connected to a pressure transducer.\nPressures were measured before treatment and after\ninjection with botulinum toxin type B (BTB) or saline\n(0.9% NaCl) solution. Dose titration with 500, 1,000,\n1,500, and 2,500 U of BTB was completed. Physical\nchanges, behavior, and anal pressure were recorded\nfor each horse.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Injection of 1,000 U of BTB caused a significant\nreduction in peak anal pressure from days 2 to\n84, compared with pressure in control horses.\nMaximal effect of the toxin was observed within the\nfirst 15 days after injection, followed by a slow return\nto baseline during the 168-day period. Injection of\n2,500 U of BTB in the anal sphincter in 1 horse resulted\nin lethargy, generalized weakness, and dysphagia\nfor 14 days. Adverse clinical effects were not\nobserved in horses after injections with 500, 1,000, or\n1,500 U of BTB.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The effect of\nfocal intramuscular injection of BTB in horses is similar\nto that reported for other species. However, horses\nappear to be more sensitive to BTB, compared\nwith other species, and clinical signs of botulism may\ndevelop at doses exceeding 1,500 U. Injections of\nBTB in the external anal sphincter of mares may be\nuseful to reduce incisional dehiscence after repair of\nperineal lacerations. 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