{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:28:59Z","timestamp":1767706139332,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To perform respiratory chain enzymatic\nactivity assays on canine skeletal muscle biopsy specimens\nand establish reference range values of skeletal\nmuscle enzyme activities for dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Biopsy specimens from the\nvastus lateralis muscle were obtained from 24 dogs\n(8 sexually intact males and 14 sexually intact\nfemales) ranging from 15 months to 6 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean values of citrate synthase,\ncytochrome-<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase,\nsuccinate dehydrogenase-cytochrome-<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> reductase,\nnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase,\nand NADH dehydrogenase-cytochrome-<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\nreductase activities were established by use of 6\nstandard spectrophotometric assays for respiratory\nchain enzyme analysis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Compared with published data for skeletal\nmuscle enzyme activities in humans, skeletal muscle\nenzyme activities in dogs were 2- to 4-fold higher.\nAdditionally, citrate synthase activity, a marker for\nmitochondrial volume, was positively correlated with\nage in dogs, suggesting that mitochondrial volume\nincreases with age, although no apparent change in\nrespiratory chain enzymatic activity with an increase\nin age was found.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Reference\nrange values for skeletal muscle enzyme activities of\ndogs are needed to accurately interpret results of respiratory\nchain enzymatic activity assays. During investigation\nof metabolic myopathies, if skeletal muscle\nbiopsy specimens are evaluated for respiratory chain\nenzyme kinetics, they should be performed and evaluated\nin concert with skeletal muscle biopsy specimens\nfrom clinically normal animals of the same\nspecies. 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